AccScience Publishing / MSAM / Volume 3 / Issue 4 / DOI: 10.36922/msam.4960
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Investigation of reversibility and bi-stability of 3D-printed compliant structures with double curved beams

Changlang Wu1 Chenxi Peng2,3 Phuong Tran1* Erich Rutz2,3,4,5,6,7*
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1 RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
2 Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
3 Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
4 The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
5 The Hugh Williamson Gait Analysis Laboratory, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
6 School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
7 Medical Faculty, The University of Basel, Basel 4001, Switzerland
Submitted: 26 September 2024 | Accepted: 29 November 2024 | Published: 19 December 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

Compliant mechanisms have been widely found in nature. Instead of using rigid joints in conventional mechanisms, compliant mechanisms transfer motions through their flexible members. This work employs the buckling of double curved beam element to design compliant structures. Three groups of structures were proposed to investigate the influence of three different design parameters on their compliant behaviors under quasi-static compression: h’ (the ratio of beam apex height to beam thickness), l’ (the ratio of beam span length to thickness), and g’ (the ratio of membrane length to thickness). The proposed structures were fabricated by fused filament fabrication with a composite material. Experimental data, numerical simulations, and analytical results were compared and evaluated. It was demonstrated that the positive structural stiffness and peak force were correlated to the design parameter l’. The higher h’ value resulted in a more pronounced negative stiffness phase. In addition, the larger g’ could provide the beams with more constraint of buckling Mode 2 by transferring the rotational motion of either beam center to the axial motion of the other beam more effectively. The discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental results demonstrate the importance of fixed-end boundary conditions in achieving bi-stability. The transitions from reversibility to bi-stability by varying different design parameters provide insight into the design of compliant mechanisms. Herein, two approaches are evident to be effective in increasing the bi-stability of the curved beams with manufacturing defects and under undesired boundary conditions: (i) designing with a higher ‘g’’ value and (ii) increasing the number of coupling beams.

Keywords
Compliant structure
Double curved beams
Negative stiffness
Additive manufacturing
Reversibility
Bi-stability
Funding
Not applicable.
Conflict of interest
Phuong Tran serves as the Editorial Board Member of the journal but did not in any way involve in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Separately, other authors declare they have no competing interests.
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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing, Electronic ISSN: 2810-9635 Published by AccScience Publishing