In recent years, all kinds of plant diseases have occurred frequently, repeatedly, frequently and widely, and the occurrence of diseases has many types, severe degrees, high frequency and wide regions, which seriously affect the safe growth of crops, especially grain crops, in China and even the world, and cause great threats. The existing prevention and control agents and technologies have shown good prevention and control effects, however, with the changes in global climate and farming systems, the occurrence of diseases has undergone new changes, and the damage trend is becoming more and more serious. How to overcome cunning pathogens and develop more broad-spectrum, efficient, green and long-lasting control technologies is still challenging. Plants have a complex, finely regulated immune system that recognizes pathogenic microorganisms and activates defensive responses to protect themselves from aggression. Improving the resistance of crops to pathogens through plant immune inducers（i.e. plant vaccines） and crops disease resistance breeding are important strategies for the implementation of green disease prevention and control. This Special Issue could be explored:

(a) The interaction mechanism and application between bacteriophages and plant pathogenic bacteria;

(b) The interaction mechanism and application between fungal viruses and plant fungi;

(c) Exploration and application of new plant disease resistant proteins;

(d) Molecular design and crop disease resistance breeding;

(e) Application of AI and deep learning strategies in the design, screening, and mechanism research of novel plant immune inducers (including compounds and proteins);

(f) Application of gene editing in immunotherapy of plant diseases