AccScience Publishing / IJB / Volume 9 / Issue 3 / DOI: 10.18063/ijb.714
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REVIEW

Mammalian-specific decellularized matrices derived bioink for bioengineering of liver tissue analogues: A review

Tanveer Ahmad Mir1* Makoto Nakamura2 Shinji Sakai3 Shintaroh Iwanaga2 Shadil Ibrahim Wani2 Alaa Alzhrani1,4,8 Kenichi Arai5 Bilal Ahmed Mir6 Shadab Kazmi1,7 Abdullah M. Assiri1,8 Dieter C. Broering1,8
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1 Transplant Research and Innovation Department, Tissue/Organ Bioengineering & BioMEMS Laboratory, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, KSA
2 Division of Biomedical System Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
3 Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
4 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
5 Department of Clinical Biomaterial Applied Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
6 Division of Intellectual Information Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
7 Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
8 College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, KSA
Submitted: 5 December 2022 | Accepted: 18 January 2023 | Published: 20 March 2023
© 2023 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

The absolute shortage of compatible liver donors and the growing number of potential recipients have led scientists to explore alternative approaches to providing tissue/ organ substitutes from bioengineered sources. Bioartificial regeneration of a fully functional tissue/organ replacement is highly dependent on the right combination of engineering tools, biological principles, and materiobiology horizons. Over the past two decades, remarkable achievements have been made in hepatic tissue engineering by converging various advanced interdisciplinary research approaches. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has arisen as a promising state-of-the-art tool with strong potential to fabricate volumetric liver tissue/organ equivalents using viscosity- and degradation-controlled printable bioinks composed of hydrous microenvironments, and formulations containing living cells and associated supplements. Source of origin, biophysiochemical, or thermomechanical properties and crosslinking reaction kinetics are prerequisites for ideal bioink formulation and realizing the bioprinting process. In this review, we delve into the forecast of the potential future utility of bioprinting technology and the promise of tissue/organspecific decellularized biomaterials as bioink substrates. Afterward, we outline various methods of decellularization, and the most relevant studies applying decellularized bioinks toward the bioengineering of in vitro liver models. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of decellularized material-based bioprinting in the direction of clinical regenerative medicine are presented to motivate further developments.

Keywords
Biofabrication
Bioprinting
Decellularization
Bioink
Liver tissue engineering
Translational regenerative medicine
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing