AccScience Publishing / IJB / Volume 10 / Issue 6 / DOI: 10.36922/ijb.4538
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

3D-printed polycaprolactone-magnetic nanoparticles composite multifunctional scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration and hyperthermia treatment

Susheem Kanwar1,2 ,  Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman1,2
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1 The Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
2 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
IJB 2024, 10(6), 4538 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.4538
Submitted: 15 August 2024 | Accepted: 18 September 2024 | Published: 18 September 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Cancer management after tumor resection is characterized by two critical needs: (i) rehabilitation of the resected tissue and (ii) preventing post-surgical tumor recurrence by destroying any residual tumors. The state-of-the-art in literature is limited because it tackles these two major priorities individually: achieving tissue regeneration via autologous grafting and preventing tumor recurrence through chemotherapy. In this paper, extrusion 3D printing has been employed to manufacture composite multi-functional scaffolds with polycaprolactone (PCL) as a polymeric matrix and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in a 0–50 wt% ratio, which would aid in bone regeneration and cancer management via magnetic hyperthermia treatment. The fabricated scaffolds were evaluated for their mechanical, magnetic, and thermal characteristics. The Young’s modulus of the scaffolds increased multi-fold with increasing concentration of MNPs added to PCL (i.e., 26.88 ± 9.02 MPa for pure PCL to 229.06 ± 37.05 MPa for PCL/50 wt% MNP scaffolds). PCL/MNP scaffolds displayed a directly proportional correlation between MNP concentration and saturation magnetization. While the in vitro tests demonstrated a statistically significant cell growth of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) over 7 days for all MNP concentrations, only the 50% MNP scaffold exhibited an increase in temperature over 41oC when subjected to an alternating magnetic field, making it suitable for the hyperthermia treatment. On application of alternating magnetic fields to PCL and PCL/50 wt% MNP scaffolds, there was an increase in hMSCs proliferation and a decrease in bone cancer cell proliferation, thus validating the potential of the multi-functional scaffold for post-surgical bone cancer management.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Cancer
Hyperthermia
Magnetic nanoparticles
Polycaprolactone
3D printing
Scaffolds
Funding
Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman was supported by the start-up funds from NYUAD. Susheem Kanwar acknowledges the NYUAD Global PhD Fellowship received to pursue his graduate education.
Conflict of interest
Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman serves as the Editorial Board Member of the journal but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Susheem Kanwar declares no known competing financial interests or conflicts of interest.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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