AccScience Publishing / GTM / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/gtm.4433
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BRIEF REPORT

Influence of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser exposure time on cytokine secretion in lipopolysaccharide-challenged rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Sarah M. Vargas1 ,  Michael A. Washington2 ,  Megan E. Bunting3 ,  Rachel J. Duval4 ,  Claudia P. Millan3 ,  Kimberly Ann Inouye3 ,  Adam R. Lincicum3 ,  Brian W. Stancoven3 ,  Thomas M. Johnson3
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1 Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Postgraduate Dental College, Uniformed Services University, Fort Liberty, NC, USA
2 Department of Clinical Investigation, Dwight David Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Eisenhower, GA, USA
3 Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Postgraduate Dental College, Uniformed Services University, Fort Eisenhower, GA, USA
4 Department of Periodontics, United States Army Dental Activity, Fort Liberty, NC, USA
Global Translational Medicine, 4433 https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.4433
Submitted: 3 August 2024 | Accepted: 23 October 2024 | Published: 15 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soft and Hard Tissues Reconstruction in Dentistry)
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Multiple investigators have suggested that infrared laser energy facilitates hard and soft tissue wound healing through various mechanisms, including the suppression of inflammation. This study investigated the influence of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser exposure time on pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine concentrations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cultured rat PBMCs were stimulated with various LPS concentrations (0, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/mL) and treated with Nd:YAG laser irradiation for 0 (control), 30, 45, or 60 s. For these experiments, the average power, pulse duration, and repetition rate remained constant at 5 W, 100 μs, and 20 Hz, respectively. Luminex magnetic microsphere immunoassays were used to compare the secretion of 27 inflammatory mediators from LPS-stimulated PBMCs in laser-irradiated versus control groups. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare the main effects of laser exposure time and LPS concentration on cytokine/chemokine concentrations and evaluate the potential interaction between these factors. Four pro-inflammatory cytokines – tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-2, and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 – exhibited a trend of reduced secretion in laser-irradiated cultures. The effect appeared more pronounced at longer exposure times (45 and 60 s). However, none of the 27 inflammatory mediators exhibited statistically significant reductions in concentrations in laser-irradiated cultures versus control cultures. These observations do not support a robust anti-inflammatory effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation. Further studies should explore the potential impact of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on cytotoxicity and cellular growth kinetics and extend across a range of irradiation parameters and cell types.

Keywords
Lasers
Leukocytes
Mononuclear
Inflammation
Cytokines
Low-level light therapy
Lipopolysaccharide
Funding
The Defense Health Agency (United States) funded this research entirely. The authors received no extramural funding.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Global Translational Medicine, Electronic ISSN: 2811-0021 Print ISSN: 3060-8600, Published by AccScience Publishing
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