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Connecting the dots: A systematic exploration of coronavirus disease 2019 and acute kidney injury through meta-analysis

Md. Safiullah Sarker1 ,  Mohammed Moshtaq Pervez2 ,  Rubiyat Jahan3*
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1 Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2 Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3 Graduate Program in Education, Asian University for Women, 20 M.M. Ali. Road, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Global Translational Medicine 2024, 3(3), 2798 https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.2798
Submitted: 22 January 2024 | Accepted: 17 May 2024 | Published: 23 September 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a global threat, yet our understanding of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients remains incomplete, with studies reporting conflicting data on its prevalence. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the progression of AKI and the associated mortality risk in this patient population through a systematic review of the literature up to June 8, 2023. Studies included in this analysis report clinical characteristics, AKI incidence, and mortality risk. Analysis of five studies identified older age (73 – 75) and male gender (67 – 84.2%) as significant risk factors for severe illness. COVID-19 patients who developed AKI had over five times the mortality risk compared to those without AKI. The median time from disease onset to diagnosis was 8.5 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 4 – 11), with a median fatality time of 13.5 days (IQR: 8 – 17) post-admission among non-survivors. Systemic inflammation, acute myocardial injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome were prevalent among non-survivors, along with significant abnormalities in biochemical and immunological markers. This analysis underscores the importance of early intervention and highlights the dynamic changes in biochemical and immunological markers as the disease progresses, suggesting a need for further research to understand the mechanisms underlying AKI in COVID-19 patients.

Keywords
Acute kidney injury
Coronavirus disease 2019
Coronavirus
Mortality
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Non-survivor
In-hospital death
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Global Translational Medicine, Electronic ISSN: 2811-0021 Published by AccScience Publishing
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