AccScience Publishing / ESAM / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/ESAM026300014
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Thermal-shield metastructures for routing heat flux in lightweight, high-efficiency heat sinks for multi-hotspot electronics

Kyungbeom Seo1† Sooyeon Ji1† Myounggi Hong1 Yeonbin Seong1 Yong Choi1 Hwanju Lim1 Wonjoon Choi1*
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1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
ESAM 2026, 2(3), 026300014 https://doi.org/10.36922/ESAM026300014
Received: 23 July 2026 | Revised: 18 August 2026 | Accepted: 20 August 2026 | Published online: 27 August 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

The continuing miniaturization and increasing power density of electronic and optoelectronic devices have made compact, lightweight, reliable heat dissipation challenging, particularly for boards with many discrete hotspots. Conventional finned heat sinks reject heat in an isotropic, undirected manner; therefore, much of the fin volume far from the active sources contributes little to convection but adds mass and occupies space. In this work, we embedded a thermal-shield metastructure into the fin field to convert a conventional sink into a heat-flux-routing device that concentrated conductive heat flow into prescribed regions, so fins were installed only where they are useful. Building on transformation-thermotics-inspired unit-cell thermal shifters formed by alternating high- and low-conductivity layers, we used the thermal-shield concept to prescribe a heat-routing fin layout, i.e., a metastructured (“meta-fin”) sink whose fins populate only the shield-defined region of a multi-hotspot module. Using transient three-dimensional finite-element heat-transfer simulations with prescribed convective boundary conditions, we compared it with pin- and plate-fin baseline sinks matched in surface area or volume and weight. The simulations showed that the meta-fin increased the surface-utilization efficiency by >10% relative to the full-footprint pin- and plate-fin baselines and exhibited 15%–25% higher transient heat rejection across the comparison set, while reducing material volume and mass by ~45% relative to the full-footprint baselines. Thus, its mass-normalized transient heat rejection was ~2× that of a conventional sink. It additionally enabled control of the on-chip temperature landscape, producing a diagonal temperature contrast more than 2.5× that of the conventional full-footprint designs. These improvements arise from redesigning the fin layout rather than introducing new functional materials. Moreover, rapid advances in additive manufacturing and 3D printing provide practical fabrication routes for such unconventional heat-sink form factors, supporting the future demonstration, refinement, and deployment of metastructure-based thermal management.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Thermal metamaterial
Thermal shield
Heat-flux control
Heat sink
Multi-hotspot electronics cooling
Lightweight thermal management
Additive manufacturing
3D printing
Funding
This work was supported by an Agency for Defense Development of Korea (ADD) grant (915050201), National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT) (2023R1A2C2006407, 2020R1A5A1018153), and Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) grant funded by the Korea government (MOTIE) (No. RS-2024-00433288).
Conflict of interest
Wonjoon Choi is an Editorial Board Member of this journal but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
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Engineering Science in Additive Manufacturing, Electronic ISSN: 3082-849X Published by AccScience Publishing