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REVIEW ARTICLE

Advancing seed priming with algal extracts: A review of mechanistic roles in seed germination and plant growth

Suhana Sabnam1 ,  Anwesha Mondal1 ,  Santanu Paul1*
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1 Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
EER, 025120025 https://doi.org/10.36922/EER025120025
Received: 22 March 2025 | Revised: 27 April 2025 | Accepted: 6 May 2025 | Published online: 11 June 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Seed priming using natural biostimulants has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance germination, seedling vigor, and overall crop performance. Algal extracts – rich in phytohormones, antioxidants, osmoprotectants, and micronutrients – have gained attention for their multifaceted role in priming. This review explores the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms by which algal bioactive compounds influence early plant development. Phytohormones, such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins initiate metabolic activation, while antioxidants mitigate oxidative damage, improving seed resilience under stress. Simultaneously, essential nutrients support root and shoot development and enhance nutrient assimilation. These combined effects modulate key signaling cascades and gene expression patterns, promoting stronger and more adaptable seedlings. The findings of this work highlight the potential of algal extract-based seed priming as an eco-friendly, sustainable alternative to conventional chemical treatments, offering a natural approach to improving agricultural productivity.

Keywords
Algae
Plant growth
Seed priming
Sustainable agriculture
Funding
This work was financially supported by the University Grant Commission, Government of India through a fellowship awarded to Anwesha Mondal in December 2019 (Fellowship ID: 191520246470/CSIR_UGC NET).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
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