Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) are two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both conditions are closely related, as they share common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. These considerations exploring the clinical correlation between ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease highlight the importance of examing the up-to-date treatments of atherosclerosis, reperfusion therapy or the preventive strategy in the prevention of CVD that are considered in this monographic number of the Journal.