Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease (CVD), encompasses a range of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular heart disease, and congenital heart defects, and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The etiology of heart disease is multifactorial, involving genetic predispositions, lifestyle factors, and environmental influences, many of which are still being actively researched. The presence of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity often complicates the clinical management and outcomes of individuals with heart disease. This Column will explore emerging evidence on the genetic and environmental risk factors contributing to heart disease, innovative diagnostic approaches, advancements in treatment and management strategies, as well as new insights into the psychological and social impacts of living with cardiovascular conditions.