Relationship between characteristics and clinical outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Neurological complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are a global health concern; cerebral toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is one such complication. This condition is one of the causes of mortality in HIV patients. However, evidence on the relationship between patient characteristics and clinical outcomes remains limited; therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Literature searches were conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library. Data from studies that met the inclusion criteria were extracted, presented descriptively, and analyzed using Review Manager 5.4. Our study included 6 research articles involving 778 patients. Based on the data analysis, it was found that decreased consciousness and low CD4+ cell counts significantly played a role in the worsening of the clinical condition of HIV/AIDS patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis, with odds ratios of 4.29 (95% CI: 2.74–6.73; p < 0.001) and 7.52 (95% CI: 2.45–23.10; p < 0.001), respectively. Meanwhile, the variables of male sex, old age, anemia, and highly active antiretroviral therapy were not significantly associated with clinical outcomes. This study indicates that decreased consciousness and low CD4+ cell counts are factors significantly associated with the clinical outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis.
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