Neurology stands at an inflection point where multi-omics technologies from transcriptomics, proteomics to metabolomics, are converging with genomics, biomarkers, and advanced neuroimaging to reshape how we understand, diagnose, and treat neurological disease. This special issue, "Precision and Translational Neurology," brings together original research, reviews, and perspectives that bridge bench and bedside, highlighting omics-driven diagnostics, gene- and cell-based therapies, digital health tools, and stratified clinical trial designs that move beyond one-size-fits-all approaches. Contributions span neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, cerebrovascular, neuromuscular and other neurological disorders, emphasizing how molecular signatures translate into individualized care. We hope this collection sparks dialogue on accelerating discoveries from laboratory to clinic and advancing truly personalized neurology.