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REVIEW ARTICLE

A narrative review on the role of stem cell therapy in stroke treatment: Current advances, mechanisms, and future prospects

Aminu Auwal Umar1* ,  Ibrahim Isyaku2 ,  Shabani Ally Rajab3 ,  Khadga Raj Aran2*
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1 Lala Lajpat Rai College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
2 Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
3 Medical Dawlia Limited, Plot No. P14562, Kigogo Kisarawe II, Kigamboni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Advanced Neurology, 5582 https://doi.org/10.36922/an.5582
Submitted: 25 October 2024 | Revised: 2 December 2024 | Accepted: 26 December 2024 | Published: 17 January 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Stroke is a neurological condition characterized by blood vessel obstruction, leading to localized loss of brain function and associated neurological manifestations. Fatal cases of stroke are underrepresented in case–control studies compared to incident cases attributed to common causes. Hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes make up the primary classifications of stroke. This review describes the most recent findings on stem cells and how they can be used to treat stroke in people with serious illnesses. It highlights the potential of stem cells in stroke rehabilitation and gives an overview of their various forms and mechanisms of action. Stem cells promote stroke recovery through diverse pathways, depending on the cell type employed. Recent advancements in cell therapy for stroke include different stem cell sources, application methods, modification of culturing media and stem cells ex vivo, stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, and 3D bioprocessing methods. Pre-clinical and clinical trials are important in assessing the effectiveness of the therapy, as the effect varies among individuals. Data were collected from different trials, highlighting the need for further advancements in stem cell therapy to improve its outcomes for treating stroke.

Keywords
Stroke
Stem cells
Mesenchymal stem cells
Clinical trials
Bioprocessing methods
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Advanced Neurology, Electronic ISSN: 2810-9619 Print ISSN: 3060-8589, Published by AccScience Publishing
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