A Review on the Environmental Pollution of Langat River, Malaysia
Environmental pollution of the rivers in terms of floods, droughts and landslides are the outcomes of the uncertain rainfall pattern due to climate change and it also contributes to the chemical contamination of the rivers along with the anthropogenic activities. The Langat River can also be polluted by the trans-boundary floods and precipitation in terms of the air pollution both in Malaysia and in the neighbour countries. Therefore, the water resource management related government and non-government institutes, business sector and civil society should have an effective participation for the better management of the river. Moreover, a regional platform could be useful in order to mitigate the impacts of atmospheric pollution as well as trans-boundary floods through sharing information, knowledge and expertise.
Ahmad, A. and M. Hashim (2000). Determination of haze API from forest fire emission during the 1997 thick haze episode in Malaysia using NOAA AVHRR data. Malaysian Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS, 1: 77-84.
Ali, Z.M., Shahabuddin, F.A.A., Juahir, H., Mengersen, K., Shitan, M. and N.A. Ibrahim (2012). Temporal Water Quality Assessment of Langat River from 1995-2006. INTECH Open Access Publisher.
Alkimia, C. (2014). Bekalan air oleh loji2 rawatan air (LRA). Retrieved January 15, 2015, from https://blogkaryait. wordpress.com/2014/05/18/bekalan-air-oleh-loji2-rawatan- air-lra/
BEM (2004). Water Engineering. Buletin Ingenieur, 22.
Bernama (2015). Don’t View Lightly Climate Change, Global Warming, Warns Najib. Retrieved March 04, 2015, from http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v8/sp/newssports. php?id=1111706
Chan, N.W. (2015). Impacts of Disasters and Disaster Risk Management in Malaysia: The Case of Floods. In: Resilience and Recovery in Asian Disasters. Springer.
Ching, Y.C., Yatim, B., Toriman, M.E., Lee, Y.H., Surif, S. and M. Abdullah (2013). Impact of Climate Change on Flood Risk in the Muar River Basin of Malaysia. Disaster Advances, 6(10): 11-17.
DID (2009). Flood management (Vol. 1). Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
DOE (2013). Malaysia environmental quality report 2013. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Farid, A.M., Lubna, A., Choo, T.G., Rahim, M.C. and M. Mazlin (2016). A Review on the Chemical Pollution of Langat River, Malaysia. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 13(1): 9-15.
GOM (2010). Tenth Malaysia Plan 2011-2015. The Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department, Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Hu, J., Yu, J., Tanaka, S. and S. Fujii (2011). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water environment of Singapore. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 216(1-4): 179-191.
Hussaini, H.A. (2007). Flood and drought management in Malaysia. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Ibrahim, W.M.M.W. and R. Rainis (2004). Modelling Landslide Using GIS and RS: A Case Study of Upper Stream of Langat River Basin, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Environmental Management, 5: 113-122.
IPCC (2013). Climate Change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In: T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (Eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
IPCC (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In: V.R. Barros, C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea and L.L. White (Eds), Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Juahir, H., Zain, S.M., Aris, A.Z., Yusof, M.K., Samah, M.A.A. and M. Mokhtar (2010). Hydrological trend analysis due to land use changes at Langat River Basin. Environment Asia, 3(Special Issues): 20-31.
Juahir, H.H. (2009). Water quality data analysis and modeling of the Langat River basin.
Krishnan, G. (2009, July 15). Salak Tinggi water treatment plant may be closed for good. The Star Online. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2F2009%2 F7%2F15%2Fcentral%2F4317744&sec=central
Kunacheva, C., Tanaka, S., Fujii, S., Boontanon, S.K., Musirat, C. and T. Wongwattana (2011a). Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in solid and liquid phase river water samples in Chao Phraya River, Thailand. Water Science & Technology, 64(3): 684-692.
Kunacheva, C., Tanaka, S., Fujii, S., Boontanon, S. K., Musirat, C., Wongwattana, T. and B.R. Shivakoti (2011b). Mass flows of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in central wastewater treatment plants of industrial zones in Thailand. Chemosphere, 83(6): 737-744.
Lim, W.Y., Aris, A.Z. and M.P. Zakaria (2012). Spatial variability of metals in surface water and sediment in the Langat river and geochemical factors that influence their water-sediment interactions. The Scientific World Journal, 2012.
Memarian, H., Balasundram, S.K., Talib, J.B., Sood, A.M. and K.C. Abbaspour (2012). Trend analysis of water discharge and sediment load during the past three decades of development in the Langat basin, Malaysia. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57(6): 1207-1222.
MMD (2009). Climate change scenarios for Malaysia 2001-2099. Numerical Weather Prediction Development Section, Technical Development Division, Malaysian Meteorological Department, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.
MOH (2010). Guidelines on chemical management in health care facilities. Medical Staff Safety and Health Unit, Quality in Medical Care Section, Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.moh.gov.my/images/ gallery/Garispanduan/Guidelines_on_Chemical-1.pdf.
Mohd, A.Z., Ibrahim, N.A., Mengersen, K., Shitan, M., Juahir, H., Shahabuddin, A. and F. Azna (2012). Temporal water quality assessment of Langat river from 1995-2006.
Mokhtar, M., Toriman, M.E.H. and A.A. Hossain (2010). Social Learning in Facing Challenges of Sustainable Development: A Case of Langat River Basin, Malaysia. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(6): 434-443.
Rahman, H.A. (2014). An Overview of Environmental Disaster in Malaysia and Preparedness Strategies. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 43(3): 17-24.
Rapport, D.J., Lasley, B.L., Rolston, D.E., Nielsen, N.O., Qualset, C.O. and A.B. Damania (2010). Managing for Healthy Ecosystems. CRC Press.
Shivakoti, B.R., Tanaka, S., Fujii, S., Kunacheva, C., Boontanon, S.K., Musirat, C. and H. Tanaka (2010). Occurrences and behavior of perfluorinated compounds
(PFCs) in several wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Japan and Thailand. Journal of Environmental Monitoring,12(6): 1255-1264.
SPAN (Producer). (2012, 20 February, 2015). Managing water pollution for public water supply. Issues and strategies. Retrieved from http://www.mywp.org. my/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/materials/folder1/ Paper%2010-Managing%20Water%20Pollution%20
for%20Public%20Water%20Supply%20-%20Issues%20 and%20Strategies,%20SPAN.pdf
Suhaini, I. (2015). [Information related to water treatment plants at Langat River Basin].
Tahir, M., Afiqah, N. and M.P. Zakaria (2009). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHS) as a Molecular Tracer of Leachate Pollution in Langat River. Paper presented at the Proceedings of Postgraduate Colloquium Semester 12009/2010.
Tam, T., Ibrahim, A., Rahman, M. and Z. Mazura (2014). Flood Loss Assessment in the Kota Tinggi. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
Toriman, M.E. (2008). Developing a conceptual model of geomorphic change for channel management purposes: A case of Langat river basin. Journal e-Bangi, 3(3): 1-12.
UNEP (2013). Global chemical outlook report 2013: Towards Sound Management of Chemicals. E. Kemf (Ed.). Nairobi, Kenya.
WRI (2014). Statement: Singapore’s New Haze Pollution Law—“A New Way of Doing Business” Retrieved March 08, 2015, from http://www.wri.org/geography/malaysia
Zainuddin, K., Zakaria, M.P., Al-Odaini, N.A., Bakhtiari,A.R. and P.A. Latif (2012). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in surface water from the Langat River, Peninsular Malaysia. Environmental Forensics, 13(1): 82-92.