Easing transgender travel and tourism: An eventual outreach to artificial intelligence-based medical tourism

Improvements in the artificial intelligence (AI) health system have been effective in reducing the risks associated with transgender medical tourism and travel. The ability to track medical travel from the place of origin to the final treatment destination is dependent on the development of AI. This project aims to improve the AI health system to promote travel and medical tourism, utilizing quantitative research methodologies, including survey-based research and partial least squares structural equation modeling. The participants included 381 people from medical professionals, tourism experts, transgenders, and technology enthusiasts interested in AI and health. The findings show that the AI health system has significantly improved medical travel and tourism; key factors such as medical tourism, AI systems, medical travel and risk factors, attitude, behavioral intention, and medical destination image have all contributed to better healthcare experiences for transgender individuals. Specialized care should be provided to transgender individuals traveling for surgeries and medical treatments, emphasizing their unique needs. Subsequent investigations might focus on the broader function of AI, particularly in terms of ensuring the dignity and respect of the tourism site. This study proposes further integration of AI into healthcare systems to maximize the benefits of safe medical travel and secure tourist locations.
- Alam M, Kuppusamy M, Kunasekaran P. The role of destination management in mediating the determinants of Cyberjaya Tourism image branding. Cogent Bus Manag. 2023;10(3):2259579. doi: 10.1080/23311975.2023.2259579
- Hassan A. Technology Application in Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia. Singapore: Springer Nature; 2022. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-8070-0
- Hamdan A, Aboul, Hassanien E, et al. Studies in Computational Intelligence. p954. Available from: https:// www.springer.com/series/7092 [Last accessed 2024 Oct 30].
- Alam M, Kuppusamy M. Organization management strategy for Generation Y performance sustainability. Cogent Bus Manag. 2024;11(1):2333297. doi: 10.1080/23311975.2024.2333297
- Sumra KB, Alam M, Noor KBM, Hali SM, Iftikhar H. Factors affecting artificial intelligence (AI) and management of institutional response to the event of coronavirus in Pakistan. Pertanika J Soc Sci Human. 2022;30(4):1451-1472. doi: 10.47836/pjssh.30.4.01
- Bahrein K. Image branding factors & facilitating model of tourism destinations management during Covid-19 in Pakistan mehtab alam. 2021. doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/956PY
- Sumra KBB, Alam MM. Promoting religious tourism management for creating a soft image of Pakistan. In: Global Development of Religious Tourism. United States: IGI Global; 2020. p. 149-174. doi: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5792-1.ch010
- Sumra KB, Shakeel Ahmad M, Alam M. Multicultural Education Informal Economy, Social Inequalities and Street Vendors in pakistan: Governance, Politics and Tourism in Pandemic; 2020. Available from: https://www.mc-caddogap. com [Last accessed 2024 Oct 30]
- Pasmore W, Winby S, Mohrman SA, Vanasse R. Reflections: Sociotechnical systems design and organization change. J Change Manag. 2019;19(2):67-85. doi: 10.1080/14697017.2018.1553761
- Cham TH, Lim YM, Sia BC, Cheah JH, Ting H. Medical tourism destination image and its relationship with the intention to revisit: A study of Chinese medical tourists in Malaysia. J China Tour Res. 2021;17(2):163-191. doi: 10.1080/19388160.2020.1734514
- He P, He Y, Xu F. Evolutionary analysis of sustainable tourism. Ann Tour Res. 2018;69:76-89. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2018.02.002
- Abou-Shouk M, Soliman M. The impact of gamification adoption intention on brand awareness and loyalty in tourism: The mediating effect of customer engagement. J Destination Market Manag. 2021;20:100559. doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100559
- Birendra KC, Dhungana A, Dangi TB. Tourism and the sustainable development goals: Stakeholders’ perspectives from Nepal. Tour Manag Perspect. 2021;38:100822. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100822
- Akgün AE, Senturk HA, Keskin H, Onal I. The relationships among nostalgic emotion, destination images and tourist behaviors: An empirical study of Istanbul. J Destination Market Manag. 2020;16:100355. doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.03.009
- Chin CH, Chin CL, Wong WPM. The implementation of green marketing tools in rural tourism: The readiness of tourists? J Hospital Market Manag. 2018;27(3):261-280. doi: 10.1080/19368623.2017.1359723
- Butnaru GI, Miller A. Conceptual approaches on quality and theory of tourism services. Proc Econ Finance. 2012;3:375-380. doi: 10.1016/s2212-5671(12)00167-0
- Chung KC. Green marketing orientation: achieving sustainable development in green hotel management. J Hospital Market Manag. 2020;29(6):722-738. doi: 10.1080/19368623.2020.1693471
- El-Said OA. Impact of online reviews on hotel booking intention: The moderating role of brand image, star category, and price. Tour Manag Perspect. 2020;33:100604. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100604
- Wright DWM, Zascerinska S. Becoming immortal: future wellness and medical tourism markets. J Tour Futures. 2023;9(2):168-195. doi: 10.1108/JTF-05-2021-0119
- Dedeoğlu BB. Shaping tourists’ destination quality perception and loyalty through destination country image: The importance of involvement and perceived value. Tour Manag Perspect. 2019;29:105-117. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2018.11.006
- Cohen E, Cohen SA. Current sociological theories and issues in tourism. Ann Tour Res. 2012;39(4):2177-2202. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2012.07.009
- Femenia-Serra F, Gretzel U. Influencer marketing for tourism destinations: Lessons from a mature destination. In: Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2020. Berlin: Springer International Publishing; 2020. p. 65-78. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-36737-4_6
- Foris D, Florescu A, Foris T, Barabas S. Improving the management of tourist destinations: A new approach to strategic management at the DMO level by integrating lean techniques. Sustainability (Switzerland). 2020;12(23):1-22. doi: 10.3390/su122310201
- Hartanto Y, Firmansyah A, Adhrianti L. Implementation of Digital Marketing Pesona 88 Curup in to Build Image for the Decision of Visit Tourist Attraction. In: Conference: 4th Social and Humanities Research Symposium (SoRes 2021); 2022.
- González-Reverté F. Building sustainable smart destinations: An approach based on the development of Spanish smart tourism plans. Sustainability (Switzerland). 2019;11(23):1-24. doi: 10.3390/SU11236874
- Higgins-Desbiolles F. Sustainable tourism: Sustaining tourism or something more? Tour Manag Perspect. 2018; 25:157-160. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.017
- Rodriguez-Wallberg K, Obedin-Maliver J, Taylor B, Van Mello N, Tilleman K, Nahata L. Reproductive health in transgender and gender diverse individuals: A narrative review to guide clinical care and international guidelines. Int J Transgender Health. 2023;24(1):7-25. doi: 10.1080/26895269.2022.2035883
- Hysa B, Karasek A, Zdonek I. Social media usage by different generations as a tool for sustainable tourism marketing in society 5.0 idea. Sustainability (Switzerland). 2021;13(3):1018. doi: 10.3390/su13031018
- Huerta-Álvarez R, Cambra-Fierro JJ, Fuentes-Blasco M. The interplay between social media communication, brand equity and brand engagement in tourist destinations: An analysis in an emerging economy. J Destination Market Manag. 2020;16:100413. doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100413
- Ivars-Baidal JA, Celdrán-Bernabeu MA, Femenia-Serra F, Perles-Ribes JF, Giner-Sánchez D. Measuring the progress of smart destinations: The use of indicators as a management tool. J Destination Market Manag. 2021;19:100531. doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100531
- Yanai I, Lercher M. A hypothesis is a liability. Genome Biol. 2020;21(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-02133-w
- Katsikari C, Hatzithomas L, Fotiadis T, Folinas D. Push and pull travel motivation: Segmentation of the Greek market for social media marketing in tourism. Sustainability (Switzerland). 2020;12(11):4770. doi: 10.3390/su12114770
- Kapera I. Sustainable tourism development efforts by local governments in Poland. Sustain Cities Soc. 2018;40:581-588. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.05.001
- Lew AA. Tourism planning and place making: Place-making or placemaking? Tour Geogr. 2017;19(3):448-466. doi: 10.1080/14616688.2017.1282007
- Lee SW, Xue K. A model of destination loyalty: Integrating destination image and sustainable tourism. Asia Pac J Tour Res. 2020;25(4):393-408. doi: 10.1080/10941665.2020.1713185
- Maingi SW. Sustainable tourism certification, local governance and management in dealing with overtourism in East Africa. Worldwide Hospital Tour Themes. 2019; 11(5):532-551. doi: 10.1108/WHATT-06-2019-0034
- Nikolaeva JV, Bogoliubova NM, Shirin SS. Ecological tourism in the state image policy structure. Experience and problems of modern Russia. Curr Issues Tour. 2018;21(5):547-566. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2015.1100588
- Mohseni S, Jayashree S, Rezaei S, Kasim A, Okumus F. Attracting tourists to travel companies’ websites: The structural relationship between website brand, personal value, shopping experience, perceived risk and purchase intention. Curr Issues Tour. 2018;21(6):616-645. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2016.1200539
- Rosselló J, Becken S, Santana-Gallego M. The effects of natural disasters on international tourism: A global analysis. Tour Manag. 2020;79:104080. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104080
- Santos V, Ramos P, Sousa B, Almeida N, Valeri M. Factors influencing touristic consumer behaviour. J Organ Change Manag. 2022;35(3):409-429. doi: 10.1108/JOCM-02-2021-0032
- Shirvani Dastgerdi A, De Luca G. Strengthening the city’s reputation in the age of cities: An insight in the city branding theory. City Territory Arch. 2019;6(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s40410-019-0101-4
- Sukaatmadja IPG, Yasa NNK, Rahyuda H, Setini M, Dharmanegara IBA. Competitive advantage to enhance internationalization and marketing performance woodcraft industry: A perspective of resource-based view theory. J Project Manag. 2021;6:45-56. doi: 10.5267/j.jpm.2020.9.002
- Sonnentag S, Frese M. Performance concepts and performance theory. In: Psychological Management of Individual Performance. United States: Wiley; 2002. p. 1-25. doi: 10.1002/0470013419.ch1
- Duc NM, Viet PQ, Tam VT, Tien NH. Sustainability of tourism development in Vietnam’s coastal provinces. World Rev Entrepreneurship Manag Sustain Dev. 2021;17(5):579. doi: 10.1504/wremsd.2021.10040053
- Walker TB, Lee TJ. Contributions to sustainable tourism in small islands: an analysis of the Cittàslow movement. Tour Geograph. 2021;23(3):415-435. doi: 10.1080/14616688.2019.1654539
- Singgalen Y. Understanding digital engagement through sentiment analysis of tourism destination through travel vlog reviews. KLIK Kajian Ilmiah Inform Komput. 2024;4(6):2992-3004. doi: 10.30865/klik.v4i6.1947
- Sumra KB, Alam M, Noor KBM, Hali SM, Iftikhar H. Factors affecting artificial intelligence and management of institutional response to the event of coronavirus in Pakistan. Pertanika J Soc Sci Humanit. 2022;30(4):1451-1472. doi: 10.47836/pjssh.30.4.01
- Alam M, Kuppusamy M, Kunasekaran P. The role of destination management in mediating the determinants of Cyberjaya Tourism image branding. Cogent Bus Manag. 2023;10(3):2259579. doi: 10.1080/23311975.2023.2259579
- Gávriel Ansara Y. Intersex-centred sex therapy and relationship counselling: Six commonly neglected concerns of intersex adults. In: Erotically Queer: A Pink Therapy Guide for Practitioners. United States: Taylor and Francis; 2023. p. 89-107. doi: 10.4324/9781003260608-7
- Kusuma RP, Sentosa BM. Talent management in the knowledge economy: Strategies for Attracting and retaining top talent. Indones J Eng Educ Technol. 2024;2(2):408-414. doi: 10.61991/ijeet.v2i2.78
- Iftikhar H, Salleh SH. Self-perception and gender change in Pakistan. Who Else? J Sci Technol Innov Policy. 2023;9(1):19-25.
- Iqbal MS, Abdul Rahim Z, Alshammari AMK, Iftikhar H. Innovative strategies for overcoming barriers to technology adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises. J Int Council Small Bus. 2024;5(4):331-344.
- Farhat SN, Abdullah MD, Hali SM, Iftikhar H. Transgender law in Pakistan: Some key issues. Policy Perspect. 2020;17(1):7-33.