AccScience Publishing / MSAM / Volume 2 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.36922/msam.0879
Submit to MSAM
Cite this article
134
Download
2005
Views
Journal Browser
Volume | Year
Issue
Search
Forthcoming Issue
Current Issue
View All
News and Announcements
View All
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Water flow tuned by micro/nano hierarchical structures fabricated through two-photon polymerization

Weilong Cao1 ,  Wenhui Yu1* ,  Zhen Xiao2 ,  Wuhong Xin3 ,  Yongling Wu1 ,  Hongyu Zheng1
Show Less
1 Department of Mechanical Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255000, Zibo, Shandong, P.R. China
2 Department of Vehicle Engineering, School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255000, Zibo, Shandong, P.R. China
3 Analytical Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, 255000, Zibo, Shandong, P.R. China
MSAM 2023, 2(2), 0879 https://doi.org/10.36922/msam.0879
Submitted: 28 April 2023 | Accepted: 24 May 2023 | Published: 9 June 2023
© 2023 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Download PDF
Cite
XML
Abstract

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a sub-classification of vat photopolymerization. It has been widely used to fabricate micro/nano hierarchical structures that have the potential to be used to tune the fluid flow in chips. The present work first studied the influence of laser power on the feature size of TPP-fabricated 2D structures. It was found that the increase of laser power from 1.0 μW to 1.4 μW leads to the feature size increasing from 203 nm to 307 nm. Then, the effect of scanning parameters on the accuracy and surface quality of 3D structures was investigated. The arrangement of the voxels at different scanning strategies explains the mechanisms of the variation of accuracy and surface roughness. Finally, the pinecone structures with micro/nano hierarchical features were built and evaluated for their water repellence. The increase in the number of rows of pinecone structures significantly enhances the water-repellent performance.

Keywords
Femtosecond laser
Two-photon polymerization
Pinecone structure
Water repellence
Funding
National Key R&D Program of China
Shandong Natural Science Foundation
Conflict of interest
No potential conflicts of interest were reported by the authors.
References
  1. Bhardwaj R, Tue PT, Biyani M, et al., 2019, A simple and efficient microfluidic system for reverse chemical synthesis (5’-3’) of a short-chain oligonucleotide without inert atmosphere. Appl Sci, 9: 1357. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9071357

 

  1. Elvira K, Solvas XC, Wootton RC, et al., 2013, The past, present and potential for microfluidic reactor technology in chemical synthesis. Nat Chem, 5: 905–915. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1753

 

  1. Vitorino R, Guedes S, da Costa JP, et al., 2021, Microfluidics for peptidomics, proteomics, and cell analysis. Nanomaterials (Basel), 11: 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11051118

 

  1. Liu Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, et al., 2019, Advancing single-cell proteomics and metabolomics with microfluidic technologies. Analyst, 144: 846–858. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8an01503a

 

  1. Maurya R, Gohil N, Bhattacharjee G, et al., 2022, Microfluidics for single cell analysis. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci, 186: 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.013

 

  1. Luo X, Chen JY, Ataei M, et al., 2022, Microfluidic compartmentalization platforms for single cell analysis. Biosensors (Basel), 12: 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12020058

 

  1. Filippi M, Buchner T, Yasa O, et al., 2022, Microfluidic tissue engineering and bio-actuation. Adv Mater, 34: e2108427. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202108427

 

  1. Takehara H, Sakaguchi K, Sekine H, et al., 2019, Microfluidic vascular-bed devices for vascularized 3D tissue engineering: Tissue engineering on a chip. Biomed Microdevices, 22: 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-019-0461-2

 

  1. Zhang Z, Guo Q, Wang Y, et al., 2023, High-throughput screening of microbial strains in large-scale microfluidic droplets. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 11: 1105277. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1105277

 

  1. Carvalho RM, Ferreira VS, Lucca BG, et al., 2021, A novel all-3D-printed thread-based microfluidic device with an embedded electrochemical detector: First application in environmental analysis of nitrite. Anal Methods, 13: 1349–1357. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ay00070e

 

  1. Yamada K, Shibata H, Suzuki K, et al., 2017, Toward practical application of paper-based microfluidics for medical diagnostics: State-of-the-art and challenges. Lab Chip, 17: 1206–1249. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6LC01577H

 

  1. Xiong C, Zhou J, Liao C, et al., 2020, Fiber-tip polymer microcantilever for fast and highly sensitive hydrogen measurement. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 12: 33163–33172. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c06179

 

  1. Perrucci F, Bertana V, Marasso SL, et al., 2018, Optimization of a suspended two photon polymerized microfluidic filtration system. Microelectron Eng, 195: 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2018.04.001

 

  1. Van der Velden G, Fan D, Staufer U, et al., 2020, Fabrication of a microfluidic device by using two-photon lithography on a positive photoresist. Micro Nano Eng, 7: 100054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mne.2020.100054

 

  1. McLennan HJ, Blanch AJ, Wallace SJ, et al., 2023, Nano-liter perfusion microfluidic device made entirely by two-photon polymerization for dynamic cell culture with easy cell recovery. Sci Rep, 13: 562. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27660-x

 

  1. Wu D, Wu SZ, Xu J, et al., 2014, Hybrid femtosecond laser microfabrication to achieve true 3D glass/polymer composite biochips with multiscale features and high performance: The concept of ship-in-a-bottle biochip. Laser Photonics Rev, 8: 458–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201400005

 

  1. Mckee S, Lutey A, Sciancalepore C, et al., 2022, Microfabrication of polymer microneedle arrays using two-photon polymerization. J Photochem Photobiol B, 229: 112424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112424

 

  1. Otuka AJG, Tomazio NB, Paula KT, et al., 2021, Two-photon polymerization: Functionalized microstructures, micro-resonators, and bio-scaffolds. Polymers (Basel), 13: 1994. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13121994

 

  1. Ding H, Zhang Q, Gu Z, et al., 2018, 3D computer-aided nanoprinting for solid-state nanopores. Nanoscale Horiz, 3: 312–316. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NH00006A

 

  1. Jaiswal A, Rani S, Singh GP, et al., 2021, Two-photon lithography of subwavelength plasmonic microstructures in metal-polymer composite resin. Mater Lett, 304: 130642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130642

 

  1. Pisanello M, Zheng D, Balena A, et al., 2022, An open source three-mirror laser scanning holographic two-photon lithography system. PLoS One, 17: e0265678. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265678

 

  1. Vizsnyiczai G, Kelemen L, Ormos P, 2014, Holographic multi-focus 3D two-photon polymerization with real-time calculated holograms. Opt Express, 22: 24217–24223. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.024217

 

  1. Zheng X, Cheng K, Zhou X, et al., 2018, An adaptive direct slicing method based on tilted voxel of two-photon polymerization. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 96: 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1507-3

 

  1. Zhou X, Hou Y, Lin J, 2015, A review on the processing accuracy of two-photon polymerization. AIP Adv, 5: 030701. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4916886

 

  1. Park SH, Lee SH, Yang, DY, et al., 2005, Subregional slicing method to increase three-dimensional nanofabrication efficiency in two-photon polymerization. Applied Physics Letters, 87: 154108. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2103393

 

  1. Lim TW, Yang DY, 2015, Direct fabrication of nano-wrinkled 3D microstructures using fitfully accumulated two-photon polymerization. Int J Precis Eng Manuf, 16: 2427–2431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-015-0312-x

 

  1. Shivani S, Hsu YH, Lee CJ, et al., 2022, Programmed topographic substrates for studying roughness gradient-dependent cell migration using two-photon polymerization. Front Cell Dev Biol, 10: 825791. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.825791

 

  1. Jin F, Liu J, Zhao YY, et al., 2022, λ/30 inorganic features achieved by multi-photon 3D lithography. Nat Commun, 13: 1357. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29036-7

 

  1. Sun HB, Takada K, Kim MS, et al., 2003, Scaling laws of voxels in two-photon photopolymerization nanofabrication. Appl Phys Lett, 83: 1104–1106. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1599968

 

  1. Liao C, Wuethrich A, Trau M, et al., 2020, A material odyssey for 3D nano/microstructures: Two photon polymerization based nanolithography in bioapplications. Appl Mater Today, 19: 100635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100635

 

  1. Lao Z, Xia N, Wang S, et al., 2021, Tethered and untethered 3d microactuators fabricated by two-photon polymerization: A review. Micromachines (Basel), 12: 465. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12040465

 

  1. Fitilis I, Fakis M, Polyzos I, et al., 2010, Two-photon polymerization of a diacrylate using fluorene photoinitiators-sensitizers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem, 215: 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.07.016

 

  1. Dong XZ, Zhao ZS, Duan XM, 2008, Improving spatial resolution and reducing aspect ratio in multiphoton polymerization nanofabrication. Appl Phys Lett, 92: 091113. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2841042

 

  1. Lin Y, Zhou R, Xu J, 2018, Superhydrophobic surfaces based on fractal and hierarchical microstructures using two-photon polymerization: Toward flexible superhydrophobic films. Adv Mater Interfaces, 5: 1801126. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201801126

 

  1. Mortazavi V, Khonsari MM, 2017, On the degradation of superhydrophobic surfaces: A review. Wear, 372–373: 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2016.11.009
Share
Back to top
Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing, Electronic ISSN: 2810-9635 Published by AccScience Publishing
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here
Accept