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REVIEW ARTICLE

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as a potential screening and diagnostic tool for Alzheimer’s disease: A comparative review

Khaled Alkhuder1*
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1 Independent Scholar, London, United Kingdom
JCTR, 025270035 https://doi.org/10.36922/JCTR025270035
Received: 3 July 2025 | Revised: 21 January 2026 | Accepted: 2 February 2026 | Published online: 10 April 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease and the main cause of age-related dementia. The incidence and financial burden of this brain disorder are expected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Establishing a definitive diagnosis of AD is a long and costly process involving multiple clinical assessments and a range of imaging and laboratory tests. Aim: This review investigates the potential application of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the diagnosis and screening of AD in the elderly, highlighting the advantages and limitations of this optical diagnostic method compared with those currently used in clinical practice. Additionally, this review examines the utility of FTIR spectroscopy in the differential diagnosis between AD and closely related neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion: FTIR spectroscopy-based analysis of blood plasma possesses attractive properties to qualify as a promising screening and diagnostic test for AD. It can also be a potential tool for differentiating between AD and dementia with Lewy bodies with relatively high accuracy. This vibrational spectroscopic technique overcomes many, if not most, of the limitations associated with the laboratory and imaging methods used for AD diagnosis. Relevance for patients: Early detection of AD can be of immense benefit to patients, their caregivers, and society as a whole. It enables patients to plan their lives while retaining full decision-making capacity. It also allows patients to start appropriate treatment early in the disease course, which can delay their need for healthcare services.

Keywords
Alzheimer’s disease
Dementia
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Diagnosis
Screening
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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Journal of Clinical and Translational Research, Electronic ISSN: 2424-810X Print ISSN: 2382-6533, Published by AccScience Publishing
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