The integration of multi-omics technologies is fundamentally transforming plant drug research. This special issue aims to capture this paradigm shift by highlighting cutting-edge work that employs genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to decode the complexity of medicinal plants. We seek contributions that illustrate how these integrative approaches accelerate the discovery of novel bioactive compounds, elucidate their biosynthetic pathways, and, crucially, unravel their multifaceted mechanisms for modulating disease microenvironments—such as fibrosis and tumors.

The scope is purposefully broad and interdisciplinary, encompassing:
1) the systematic identification and characterization of plant-derived leads;
2) the role of host-plant-microbiome interactions in efficacy;
3) the molecular networks underlying herbal synergies;
4) AI-driven predictive modeling of drug-target interactions;
and 5) translational challenges in standardizing omics data for clinical application.
This issue will serve as a key platform for dialogue, bridging traditional phytopharmacology with modern translational medicine to foster the next generation of evidence-based plant-derived therapeutics.