AccScience Publishing / IJPS / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/IJPS025220107
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Multicapital vulnerability and social resilience in coastal Bone Bolango Regency, Indonesia

Sri Endang Saleh1* Syarwani Canon1 Ismail Djakaria2
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1 Department of Development Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia
2 Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia
Received: 30 May 2025 | Revised: 21 October 2025 | Accepted: 2 December 2025 | Published online: 2 January 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

Small coastal settlements rely heavily on marine ecosystems yet are highly exposed to climate variability, market shocks, and resource depletion. This study evaluates the social resilience and livelihood vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Kabila Bone subdistrict, Bone Bolango Regency, using the multi-aspect sustainability analysis framework. We surveyed 91 fisher households across nine villages through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews, and constructed a composite sustainability index across five livelihood capitals. Results indicate that natural capital is the most sustainable (75.0%), followed by human (70.0%), social (60.0%), and physical (55.5%) capital, while financial capital scores the lowest (37.5%). These findings suggest that inclusive financial services, cold-chain and transport upgrades, and targeted capacity-building through local institutions are priorities to strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity.

Keywords
Social resilience
Small-scale fisheries
Livelihood capitals
Multicapital vulnerability
Sustainability index
Indonesia
Funding
This study was funded by the Research and Community Service Office (LPPM) UNG via PNBP (Non-Tax State Revenue)—Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, in accordance with DIPA-UNG No. 653/UN47/HK.02/2024, through Riset Unggulan Fakultas (Faculty’s Excellent Research Program) under contract No. 824/UN47.D1/PT.01.03/2024.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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