Autophagy is a highly evolutionarily conserved cellular process in eukaryotic organisms. In this process, the bilayer membrane structure is formed to encase a fraction of cytoplasm and small organelles, which are transported to lysosomes for digestion. According to the pathway of substrate entry into lysosomes, autophagy can be classified into three types: macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediate autophagy. Mitochondria are the most important organelles that provide cellular energy by liberating chemical energy via oxidative phosphorylation and then converting this energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondria are in a dynamic balance of continuous division and fusion. Damaged mitochondria are engulfed by lysosomes and degraded; this process was named as mitophagy. Mitophagy provides an important guarantee for mitochondrial quality control. Mitophagy's disorder can cause many diseases, including heart disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Thus, looking for solutions to different diseases from the perspective of mitophagy will be an important direction of future translational medicine research, including (but not limited to) searching for novel drugs or compounds that modulate the mitophagy process, exploring how drugs treat diseases by affecting the mitophagy mechanism and investigating how drug delivery can improve the treatment of different diseases.

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