Sandwich type biosensor of ε-subunit of FoF1-ATPase for ultrasensitive-detection of Bladder cancer cell
It was an important challenge for bladder cancer diagnosis that to design a sandwich-type biosensor was used for ultrasensitive detection of bladder cancer cell. This inspiration was from that ε subunit of Fo F1 -ATPase could be regarded as a switch of the Fo F1 -ATPase biosensor and its application on the ultrasensitive detection. There was only one ε subunit in one Fo F1 -ATPase, and this character could be used to design a real single antibody sandwich-type biosensor. Due to ε subunit of FoF1 -ATPase as an intramolecular rotation switch in the transition interchangeable motion, it was found that ε subunits can be interchanged between “rotor” and “stator” and remained its different activation at each status. Furthermore, Tip-chip device detection, which combined both a double antibody sandwich immunoassay and an intra-rotation switch of ε subunit FoF1-ATPase which plays a key role of the “rotor” and “stator” exchange hypothesis showing a signal amplification at space scale and a signal accumulation at time scale,was a powerful method. There were two states of the rotation switch model, one was the switch close state when the γ and ε subunits of FoF1-ATPase bound as one complex, and the other was the switch open state when the γε complex divided, and the intramolecular rotation coupling model based on the “binding change mechanism.”
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