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REVIEW ARTICLE

Advances in anti-aging strategies

Xiang-Feng Yang1† ,  Ruo-Chen Zhao1† ,  Yan-Wei Tong1† ,  Jia Cao1,2,3,4 ,  Hao Yin1,2 ,  Zhen-Xing Wang1,2,3,4* ,  Hui Xie1,2,3,4,5*
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1 Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
2 Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
3 Key Laboratory of Aging-related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
4 National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
5 FuRong Laboratory, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
CAR, 025440003 https://doi.org/10.36922/CAR025440003
Received: 31 October 2025 | Revised: 12 January 2026 | Accepted: 3 July 2026 | Published online: 20 July 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Aging, once viewed as an inexorable decline, is now understood as a tractable, systems-level process, redefined by updated hallmarks and an emphasis on healthspan as the actionable endpoint. This review provides a stratified analysis of advances across lifestyle, pharmacological, cellular, and digital interventions, distinguishing clinically validated strategies from emerging experimental therapeutics. Multimodal lifestyle interventions, encompassing caloric moderation, circadian rhythm alignment, structured exercise, and social–cognitive engagement, target mitochondrial quality control, inflammaging, and neuroplasticity and demonstrate superior efficacy when combined. Pharmacologically, senescence-targeting agents, metabolic/NAD+ boosters, and microbiome modulators show cross-tissue benefits in mammalian models and preliminary human trials, supporting the development of rational combinations guided by mechanism-specific biomarkers. In contrast to systemic prevention, cellular and factor-based approaches (e.g., partial epigenetic reprogramming) offer a regenerative paradigm aimed at tissue repair; however, these strategies remain largely preclinical, with key challenges persisting in safety, optimal dosing, and long-term durability. Concurrently, artificial intelligence-enabled wearables and molecular aging clocks provide reliable, continuous phenotyping to enrich trials and personalize interventions. To accelerate clinical validation, we recommend composite endpoints that couple molecular change with functional outcomes, adaptive designs, and inclusive enrollment to ensure generalizability. Finally, equitable delivery—via affordable interventions, digital platforms, and region-appropriate nutrition—will be essential as longevity science scales globally. Together, these strands define a pragmatic path from mechanism to medicine: multimodal, biomarker-driven, and ethically implemented to extend healthy lifespan.

Keywords
Anti-aging strategies
Geroprotective interventions
Biological aging hallmarks
Senolytics
Healthspan
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82125023 to Hui Xie, 82272562 and 82472523 to Zhen-Xing Wang) and the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (Grant No. 2023RC3075 to Zhen-Xing Wang).
Conflict of interest
Hui Xie serves as the Editor-in-Chief of this journal, but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. The authors declare no competing interests.
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Cell Aging & Regeneration, Published by AccScience Publishing
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