AccScience Publishing / BH / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/bh.5779
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REVIEW ARTICLE

Acute symptomatic perinatal stroke syndromes: A review of risk factors, presentation, evaluation, and outcomes

Abba Musa Abbdullahi1*
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1 Department of Life Sciences, University of South Wales, Newport, Wales, United Kingdom
Brain & Heart, 5779 https://doi.org/10.36922/bh.5779
Submitted: 6 November 2024 | Revised: 7 February 2025 | Accepted: 8 February 2025 | Published: 28 February 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Perinatal stroke encompasses a diverse group of localized brain lesions that develop during the early stages of brain maturation. While many of these injuries manifest clinically within the first days of life, some may not be noticeable until later, often within the first year of life. These injuries are referred to as presumed perinatal stroke. This review aims to provide a clinical update on the current evidence regarding the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and complications of the different types of perinatal stroke. Major databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar, were searched using Medical Subject Headings and regular keywords. The search terms used were “stroke” AND “neonate,” “stroke” AND “fetus,” “stroke” AND “perinatal,” “stroke” AND “perinatal” AND “clinical presentation,” “stroke” AND “perinatal” AND “diagnosis,” “stroke” AND “perinatal” AND “management,” “stroke” AND “perinatal” AND “outcomes.” Any form of study on perinatal stroke was included, while literature not written in or translated into English was excluded from the study. Some of the clinical features of perinatal stroke include seizures, irritability, hypotonia, lethargy, or apnea. Cerebral palsy, epilepsy, developmental delay, and mental impairment are some complications that may arise following these lesions.

Keywords
Perinatal
Stroke
Neonate
Fetal
Syndrome
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The author declares that no competing interests.
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