This Column highlights the latest advances in understanding, diagnosing, and treating cognitive disorders, with a focus on dementia and related neurodegenerative conditions. It welcomes high-quality original research, reviews, and clinical studies addressing mechanisms, biomarkers, imaging, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, as well as rehabilitation strategies. The column aims to foster interdisciplinary exchange among neuroscientists, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to accelerate the translation of research discoveries into effective approaches for prevention, early detection, and patient care. Contributions that explore novel therapeutic targets, personalized medicine, and innovations in cognitive assessment are particularly encouraged.