Quantifying Habitat and Resource Use Changes in the Segara Anakan Lagoon (Cilacap, Indonesia) over the Past 25 Years (1978-2004)
This study assesses the changes in habitat and resource use of the Segara Anakan lagoon (SAL) located in Cilacap, Indonesia in relation to coastal development over a period of 25 years. The SAL was chosen for this study due to its social importance and its ecological significance, as it is one of the few mangrove areas left in Java, and the lagoon area is rapidly decreasing. The SAL ecosystem was mapped from 1978 through 2004 using satellite images and a GIS package to determine coastal habitat area changes. The main changes in land cover and land use involved the conversion of a large part of the estuary to new land (2966.8 ha) and mangrove area (3497.2 ha), and the subsequent conversion of these areas, and of older sections of the mangrove forest, to rice agriculture, semi- intensive fishponds, new settlements and other land uses (11,315.6 ha). Over the whole period the largest portion of mangroves was converted into rice fields (8886 ha or 43.2% from the total mangrove area). The mangrove decrease amounted to 1.4% per year since the last decade. Land use resulted from increased urbanization, and the expansion of agriculture and aquaculture, which lead to problems of settlement encroachment on agricultural land, land reclamation from swamps, silt deposition in the lagoon, and a decrease in fishery catches. This research provides an account of the coastal habitat and resource use changes in Segara Anakan, and their implications for coastal resource management and provides the ground work for a forthcoming ecosystem-based assessment of the Segara Anakan natural resources via the application of a trophic modelling approach.
Alongi, D.M., Ramanathan, AL., Kannan, L., Tirendi, F., Trott, L.A. and M. Bala Krishna Prasad (2005). Influence of human-induced disturbance on benthic microbial metabolism in the Pichavaram mangroves, Vellar-Coleroon estuarine complex, India. Marine Biology, 147: 1033-1044.
Alonso-Perez, F., Ruiz-Luna, A., Turner, J., Berlanga-Robles, C.A. and G. Mitchelson-Jacob (2003). Land cover changes and impact of shrimp aquaculture on the landscape in the Ceuta coastal lagoon system, Sinaloa, Mexico. Ocean & Coastal Management, 46: 583-600.
Ardli, E.R. and A. Widyastuti (2001). Application of NDVI analysis from Landsat TM and SPOT images for monitoring and detection of mangrove damages at Segara Anakan Cilacap, Central Java. DUE-like project Unsoed, Purwokerto Indonesia.
BPKSA (Badan Pengelola Kawasan Segara Anakan) (2003). Laporan pelaksanaan proyek konservasi dan pembangunan Segara Anakan. Lokakarya Status, Problem dan Potensi Sumberdaya Perairan dengan Acuan Segara Anakan dan DAS Serayu, Purwokerto.
Cicin-Sain, B. and R.W. Knecht (1998). Integrated coastal and ocean management: Concepts and practices. Island Press, Washington D.C.
Donoghue, D.N.M. and N. Mironnet (2002). Development of an integrated geographical information system prototype for coastal habitat monitoring. Computer & Geosciences,28: 129-141.
Dudley, R.G. (2000). Segara Anakan Fisheries Management Plan. Segara Anakan Conservation and Development Project, Component B&C, Consultant’s Report.
Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) (1990). Understanding GIS, the ARC/INFO method. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., Redlands, CA, 423 p.
Long, B.G. and T.D. Skewes (1996). A technique for mapping mangrove with Landsat TM satellite data and geographic information system. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sciences,
43: 373-381.
Mumby, P.J., Skirving, W., Strong, A.E., Hardy, J.T., LeDrew, E.F., Hochberg, E.J., Stumpf, R.P. and L.T. David (2004). Remote sensing of coral reefs and their physical environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48: 219-228.
Mumby, P.J., Green, E.P., Edwards, A.J. and C.D. Clark (1999). The cost-effectiveness of remote sensing for tropical coastal resources assessment and management. Journal of Environmental Management, 55: 157-166.
Purba, M. (1991). Impact of high sedimentation rates on the coastal resources of Segara Anakan, Indonesia, pp. 143-152. In: L.M. Chou, T.-E. Chua, H.W. Khoo, P.E. Lim, J.N. Paw, G.T. Silvestre, M.J. Valencia, A.T. White and P.K. Wong (Eds.) Towards an Integrated management of tropical coastal resources. ICLARM Conference Proceedings 22. National University of Singapore, Singapore; and International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Philippines.
Sastranegara, M.H., Fermon, H. and M. Mühlenberg (2003). Diversity and Abundance of Intertidal Crabs at the East Swamp Managed Area in Segara Anakan Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. Deutscher Tropentag, Göttingen.
Stanbury, K.B. and R.M. Starr (1999). Applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to habitat assessment and marine resource management. Oceanologica Acta., 22(6): 699-703.
Stevens, T. and R.M. Connolly (2004). Testing the utility of abiotic surrogates for marine habitat mapping at scales relevant to management. Biological Conservation, 119(3): 351-362.
Tomascik, T., Mah, A.J., Nontji, A. and M.K. Moosa (1997). The ecology of the Indonesian seas, Part II. Periplus Editions, Singapore.
Treitz, P. (2004). Remote sensing for mapping and monitoring land-cover and land-use change. Progress in Planning,61: 267.
Vasconcelos, M.J.P., Mussa´Biai, J.C., Arau´jo, A. and M.A. Diniz (2002). Land cover change in two protected areas of Guinea-Bissau (1956-1998), Applied Geography,
22: 139-156.
Weiers, S., Block, M., Wissen, M. and G. Rossner (2004). Mapping and indicator approaches for the assessment of habitats at different scales using remote sensing and GIS methods. Landscape and Urban Planning, 67: 43-65.
White, A.T., Martosubroto, P. and M.S.M Sadorra (Eds.)(1989). The coastal environmental profile of Segara Anakan-Cilacap, South Java, Indonesia, ICLARM Technical Reports on Coastal Area management Series no. 25. International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila.
Yulastoro, P. (2003). Usaha dan Kendala Penyelamatan Degradasi Lingkungan Segara Anakan, Lokakarya Status, Problem dan Potensi Sumberdaya Perairan dengan Acuan Segara Anakan dan DAS Serayu. Purwokerto.