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REVIEW

Artificial intelligence in the battle against COVID-19: A comprehensive review

Emma Yann Zhang1†* ,  Adrian David Cheok2†* ,  Zhigeng Pan1 ,  Jun Cai2,3 ,  Ying Yan2
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1 School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
2 School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
3 Anhui Jianzhu University, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui, China
AIH 2024, 1(2), 1–15; https://doi.org/10.36922/aih.2401
Submitted: 11 December 2023 | Accepted: 15 January 2024 | Published: 4 April 2024
© 2024 by the Author (s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a global crisis, affecting all facets of human life. The rapid spread of the virus necessitated urgent responses from the healthcare sector, with artificial intelligence (AI) taking center stage as a pivotal tool in this fight. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the multifaceted role of AI during the pandemic, spanning from early detection and diagnosis to treatment, management, and the development of vaccines. We delve into the ethical and societal implications of deploying AI in such critical scenarios, discussing data privacy, algorithmic bias, and accessibility. The paper also presents various case studies, highlighting country-specific implementations and the dichotomy of success stories and failures. Furthermore, we explore the future directions of AI in healthcare, emphasizing emerging technologies and policy recommendations that could shape post-pandemic health-care systems. The conclusion synthesizes these insights, reflecting on the lessons learned and the prospective landscape of AI in global health. This paper aims to serve as a cornerstone for policymakers, health-care providers, and AI researchers, guiding the responsible and effective integration of AI in future health-care strategies.

Keywords
COVID-19
Artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Data privacy
Wearable technologies
Telemedicine
Vaccine development
Ethical implications
Funding
This research was funded by Research on Quality Assurance and Evaluation of Higher Education in Jiangsu Province under Grant No. 2023JSETKT032.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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