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REVIEW ARTICLE

Potential approaches in the development of novel therapeutics for ovarian cancer

Deepa Thomas1 ,  Renad AlAnsari1 ,  Adnan Alsaei1 ,  Uwe Torsten1,2,3 ,  G. Roshan Deen1*
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1 Materials for Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Bahrain
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Bahrain
3 Pan Arabian Society for Research in Gynaecological Oncology (PARSGO), Berlin, Germany
Tumor Discovery, 025290066 https://doi.org/10.36922/TD025290066
Received: 14 July 2025 | Revised: 11 November 2025 | Accepted: 13 November 2025 | Published online: 22 January 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

“Ovarian cancer” is not a specific diagnosis; instead, it is a collective term for various cancer types that affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the peritoneum. Over 30 distinct forms of ovarian cancer are estimated to exist, with significant variations in occurrence and prognosis among the various types. Based on GLOBOCAN 2022 estimates, the number of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer is projected to increase by more than 55% by 2050. The annual deaths due to ovarian cancer among women are expected to rise to 350,956, marking an increase of nearly 70% compared to 2022. The incidence of ovarian cancer has been increasing substantially among younger females, probably due to the increasing prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, estrogen exposure, and nulliparity. At present, the primary treatment options for ovarian cancer are based on three pillars: surgical debulking, chemotherapy, and maintenance therapy. However, the long-term survival rate remains low due to the late stages of the disease, with a high recurrence risk. Because treatment still relies heavily on cytotoxic chemotherapy, adverse effects and acquired drug resistance remain common. Therefore, there is a need for new therapeutics that optimize treatment options. In this review, an updated overview of current and future approaches to developing new therapeutics for ovarian cancer is presented.

Keywords
Nanotechnology
Aptamer
Sonodynamic therapy
Nanozymes
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Gas plasma
Ovarian cancer
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Tumor Discovery, Electronic ISSN: 2810-9775 Print ISSN: 3060-8597, Published by AccScience Publishing
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