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REVIEW ARTICLE

Nanomaterials in organoid research: Advancements and applications

Shuo Zhang1,2 ,  Xu Chu3 ,  Zihang Zhao4 ,  Guilai Zuo4* ,  Hongbo Zhang1,2,5* ,  Wenguo Cui1*
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1 Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
2 Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Southwest Finland, Finland
3 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
4 Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
5 Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Southwest Finland, Finland
OR, 026090015 https://doi.org/10.36922/OR026090015
Received: 1 March 2026 | Revised: 14 April 2026 | Accepted: 15 April 2026 | Published online: 12 May 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

In recent years, organoids have demonstrated immense potential as three-dimensional in vitro models of human tissue, capable of simulating physiological and pathological environments. Nanomaterials, owing to their unique physicochemical properties, have become pivotal tools in advancing organoid research and applications. By integrating nanomaterials, scientists can more effectively explore disease mechanisms, optimize drug delivery systems, and develop novel therapeutic strategies. For example, nanoparticle-based metabolic reprogramming techniques offer novel avenues for regulating organ function, while advances in gene editing technologies have markedly enhanced the precision and complexity of organoid models. Furthermore, organoids demonstrate broad application prospects in fields such as virology research, cardiac tissue engineering, and cancer therapy. These advances not only propel fundamental scientific inquiry but also provide crucial support for clinical translation. The future holds promise for achieving more precise, personalized medical solutions through the integration of nanotechnology and organoid models.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Nanomaterials
Organoid models
Drug delivery
Disease modeling
Personalized medicine
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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Organoid Research, Electronic ISSN: 3082-8503 Published by AccScience Publishing
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