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REVIEW ARTICLE

Intestinal organoids: Reshaping the paradigm of inflammatory bowel disease research and therapy

Hua Liu1,2 ,  Xiaoyu Hu1 ,  Jie Zhong1* ,  Zhengting Wang1*
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1 Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
2 Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
OR, 026090014 https://doi.org/10.36922/OR026090014
Received: 28 February 2026 | Revised: 10 April 2026 | Accepted: 15 April 2026 | Published online: 12 May 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The advent of intestinal organoid technology has brought a revolutionary breakthrough to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research, enabling more precise in vitro simulation of human intestinal physiology and pathology. This article systematically reviews the latest advances in the application of intestinal organoid technology to IBD research. First, we introduce technological innovations such as synthetic hydrogels, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip systems, and polarity-reversal culture. These approaches overcome limitations of traditional two-dimensional cultures and greatly expand the applicability of organoid models. Second, we focus on research utilizing patient-derived organoids to unveil novel mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis, highlighting their unique advantages in dissecting intrinsic epithelial defects (e.g., impaired barrier function, abnormal mucus secretion) and dynamically simulating host–microbe interactions. Furthermore, we highlight clinical translation: high-throughput drug screening for personalized medicine and organoid transplantation for mucosal regeneration. Finally, we summarize current challenges regarding standardization, vascularization, and immune microenvironment reconstruction of organoids, and discuss their broad prospects for driving innovation in IBD diagnosis and treatment strategies. 

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Intestinal organoids
Inflammatory bowel disease
Intrinsic epithelial defects
Mucosa–microbiota interaction
Drug screening
Regenerative medicine
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32470951, 82500660), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2025M782139), and Shanghai Municipal Health Planning Commission (202340092).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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Organoid Research, Electronic ISSN: 3082-8503 Published by AccScience Publishing
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