A population-based survey on interarch malocclusion and background determinants
Background: Genetics, environment, and ethnic factors are major contributors to the prevalence and variations of malocclusion.
Aim: The aim of study was to determine the prevalence of inter-arch problems in school aged children, 9-11 years, living in Tehran; and to describe the role of ethnicity, education and economic status on them.
Methods: The present data were part of the Comprehensive Evaluation of Skeleto-Dental Anomalies (CESDA) study conducted in 2015 among children living in Tehran, Iran. Cluster random sampling was applied among 19 districts of Tehran. A total of 38 schools were selected, and out of 1585 participants, the data of 1429 children were collected (response rate = 90%). The Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses.
Results: Of all participants, 758 were boys and 671 were girls. The mean age was 121±8 months. The most significant background determinants associated with molar relationship were ethnicity and place of residence. Class I right molar relationship was seen in 57.9% of the children and was generally more frequent in boys. Normal overjet was observed in 47.1%; 41.5% had an increased overjet, 16.2% had an anteroposterior cross-bite, and 11.8% had a lateral cross-bite. Midline discrepancy was seen among 61.1% of the children. Ideal antero-posterior, vertical, and horizontal relationship were observed in 31%, 53%, and 34% of the children, respectively. Only 10% of the children aged 9 to 11 years old had an ideal inter-arch relationship. Gender and place of residence had persistently significant association with having an ideal antero-posterior, vertical, horizontal, and inter-arch relationships (P<0.002) in all four binary logistic regression models.
Conclusions: The majority of the children aged 9-11 years old have at least one inter-arch problem, although it is commonly preventable.
Relevance for patients: Early detection of children’s orthodontic problems may help with effective prevention of further advanced anomalies.
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