AccScience Publishing / ITPS / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/itps.4559
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REVIEW ARTICLE

Current view on photodynamic therapy in medicine

David Aebisher1* ,  Julia Tomaszewska2 ,  Emilia Tomaka2 ,  Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher2
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1 Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Subcarpathian, Poland
2 Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Subcarpathian, Poland
INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, 4559 https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.4559
Submitted: 17 August 2024 | Revised: 8 December 2024 | Accepted: 16 December 2024 | Published: 6 January 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Light has been used for medical purposes for centuries, but the first steps toward photodynamic therapy (PDT) were taken in the early 20th century. PDT is an innovative therapeutic approach that involves three key components: A photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen, and visible light. The destruction of diseased tissues and cells in PDT occurs through the activation of a PS by near-infrared or visible radiation. This activation, in the presence of molecular oxygen, generates singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. PDT has been successfully applied to treat various types of cancer, particularly superficial ones. This review outlines the principles of PDT and discusses its application in cancer treatment, specifically in the context of pancreatic and esophageal cancer. While PDT is effective, it can also have adverse effects on the human body, such as changes to cell and organelle membranes. PDT is a modern, non-invasive treatment modality utilized for both non-malignant conditions and also various types of tumors in diverse locations. Enhancing the efficacy of PDT and reducing its side effects may be possible by combining PSs with nanomaterials, which would also allow for targeted therapy to specific receptors. PDT is continuously being developed to improve its effectiveness, and ongoing studies aim to minimize unwanted side effects and identify contraindications for its use.

Keywords
Photodynamic therapy
Photosensitizers
Pancreas
Esophagus
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, Electronic ISSN: 2705-0823 Print ISSN: 2705-0734, Published by AccScience Publishing
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