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REVIEW ARTICLE

Exploring the transcriptomic landscape of rheumatoid arthritis using next-generation RNA sequencing

Rideb Chakraborty1 ,  Bijoy Jana1 ,  Sandip Koner1 ,  Surya Kanta Maiti1 ,  Naureen Afrose1 ,  Pratibha Bhowmick1 ,  Mithun Bhowmick1*
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1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, BASU Sarani, Bidhannagar, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, 4449 https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.4449
Submitted: 6 August 2024 | Accepted: 21 October 2024 | Published: 22 November 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and joint damage. Transcriptomics has been utilized in RA profiling to identify locations that were previously unclear. A robust technique for examining the intricate transcriptomic landscape of RA is next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). This review has explored the use of RNA-seq to understand the pathophysiology of RA. Detailed discussions are presented on the fundamentals of RNA-seq technology, how RNA extracted from the synovium is incorporated into gene expression patterns analysis, and how RNA-seq is superior to other methods. We have explored several applications of RNA-seq in RA research, emphasizing its potential for identifying dysregulated pathways, detecting novel biomarkers, and characterizing gene expression levels. Furthermore, this review has clarified the regulatory networks and signaling pathways identified in RNA-seq research and investigated the possibility of using transcriptomic RNA-seq as a diagnostic tool for RA. In conclusion, we have highlighted the significance of using transcriptome data to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular processes underlying RA. Hence, this review underscores the revolutionary influence of RNA-seq on RA research, paving the way for improved diagnostics, tailored therapy, and the discovery of novel treatment targets for individuals with RA.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Rheumatoid arthritis
Next-generation RNA sequencing
Long non-coding RNA
Circular RNA
Transcriptomic study
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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