AccScience Publishing / IJB / Volume 9 / Issue 4 / DOI: 10.18063/ijb.740
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Three-dimensional bioprinting of artificial blood vessel: Process, bioinks, and challenges

Ya-Chen Hou1,2,3 Xiaolin Cui4 Zhen Qin1,2,3 Chang Su1,2,3 Ge Zhang1,2,3 Jun-Nan Tang1,2,3 * Jing-An Li5* Jin-Ying Zhang1,2,3*
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1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
2 Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
3 Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
4 School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
5 School of Material Science and Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy and Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, China
Submitted: 31 July 2022 | Accepted: 2 October 2022 | Published: 28 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fine-tuned Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting)
© 2023 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

The coronary artery bypass grafting is a main treatment for restoring the blood supply to the ischemic site by bypassing the narrow part, thereby improving the heart function of the patients. Autologous blood vessels are preferred in coronary artery bypass grafting, but their availability is often limited by due to the underlying disease. Thus, tissue-engineered vascular grafts that are devoid of thrombosis and have mechanical properties comparable to those of natural vessels are urgently required for clinical applications. Most of the commercially available artificial implants are made from polymers, which are prone to thrombosis and restenosis. The biomimetic artificial blood vessel containing vascular tissue cells is the most ideal implant material. Due to its precision control ability, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising method to prepare biomimetic system. In the 3D bioprinting process, the bioink is at the core state for building the topological structure and keeping the cell viable. Therefore, in this review, the basic properties and viable materials of the bioink are discussed, and the research of natural polymers in bioink, including decellularized extracellular matrix, hyaluronic acid, and collagen, is emphasized. Besides, the advantages of alginate and Pluronic F127, which are the mainstream sacrificial material during the preparation of artificial vascular graft, are also reviewed. Finally, an overview of the applications in the field of artificial blood vessel is also presented.

Keywords
Three-dimensional bioprinting
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts
Artificial blood vessel
Bioink
Decellularized extracellular matrix
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing