Neuro-oncology is undergoing a rapid transformation driven by advances in surgical techniques, molecular profiling, and innovative therapeutic strategies. This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of emerging concepts and translational progress in the diagnosis and treatment of primary and metastatic tumors of the nervous system.

The issue focuses on multidisciplinary perspectives, highlighting modern neurosurgical approaches, precision oncology guided by molecular and genetic insights, and the expanding role of immunotherapy in neuro-oncological care. Particular attention is given to tumor heterogeneity, biomarkers for prognosis and treatment response, tumor microenvironment, and mechanisms of resistance that shape clinical outcomes. By integrating basic research, translational studies, and clinical evidence, this Special Issue seeks to bridge laboratory discoveries with real-world therapeutic applications. It welcomes original research articles, systematic and narrative reviews, and clinically relevant perspectives that advance understanding and management of neuro-oncological diseases.

This issue aims to serve clinicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals by presenting innovative strategies and future directions that may improve survival, functional outcomes, and quality of life for patients with neurological tumors.