Related Info Links
More by Authors Links
News and Announcements
PERSPECTIVE ARTICLE
Perspectives on the involvement of NCAPD3 in prostate cancer
Show Less
1 Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin,
China
2 Department of General Surgery, Siping Central People’s Hospital, Siping, Jilin,
China
EJMO, 026230261 https://doi.org/10.36922/EJMO026230261
Received: 6 June 2026 | Revised: 30 July 2026 | Accepted: 31 July 2026 | Published online: 6 August 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men worldwide. Its pathogenesis is complex and involves the abnormal regulation of multiple genes and signaling pathways. Non-SMC condensin II complex subunit D3 (NCAPD3), a core component of the condensin II complex, was initially identified as being primarily involved in chromosome condensation and segregation during mitosis and in maintaining genomic stability. In recent years, advances in research on the molecular mechanisms of tumors have increasingly revealed the aberrant expression and oncogenice role of NCAPD3 in prostate cancer and other malignancies, suggesting that NCAPD3 may represent a potential target for molecularly targeted therapy in prostate cancer. Based on the existing evidence, this article reviews the biological functions, expression characteristics, associations with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis, regulatory mechanisms, and potential clinical applications of NCAPD3 in prostate cancer.
Keywords
Condensin
Non-SMC condensin II complex subunit D3
Prostate cancer
Funding
The work was supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32101448).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
References
- Ono T, Losada A, Hirano M, Myers MP, Neuwald AF, Hirano T. Differential contributions of condensin I and condensin II to mitotic chromosome architecture in vertebrate cells. Cell. 2003;115(1):109-121. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00724-4
- Yeong FM, Hombauer H, Wendt KS, et al. Identification of a subunit of a novel Kleisin-beta/SMC complex as a potential substrate of protein phosphatase 2A. Curr Biol. 2003;13(23):2058-2064. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2003.10.032
- Neuwald AF, Hirano T. HEAT repeats associated with condensins, cohesins, and other complexes involved in chromosome-related functions. Genome Res. 2000;10(10):1445-1452. doi: 10.1101/gr.147400
- Perez-Cornago A, Fensom GK, Andrews C, et al. Examination of potential novel biochemical factors in relation to prostate cancer incidence and mortality in UK biobank. Br J Cancer. 2020;123(12):1808-1817. doi: 10.1038/s41416-020-01081-3
- Morova T, McNeill DR, Lallous N, et al. Androgen receptor-binding sites are highly mutated in prostate cancer. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):832. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14644-y
- Hirota T, Gerlich D, Koch B, Ellenberg J, Peters JM. Distinct functions of condensin I and II in mitotic chromosome assembly. J Cell Sci. 2004;117:6435-6445. doi: 10.1242/jcs.01604
- Ono T, Fang Y, Spector DL, Hirano T. Spatial and temporal regulation of Condensins I and II in mitotic chromosome assembly in human cells. Mol Biol Cell. 2004;15:3296-3308. doi: 10.1091/mbc.e04-03-0242
- Lee J, Ogushi S, Saitou M, Hirano T. Condensins I and II are essential for construction of bivalent chromosomes in mouse oocytes. Mol Biol Cell. 2011;22(18):3465-3477. doi: 10.1091/mbc.e11-05-0423
- Deutschman E, Ward JR, Kumar A, et al. Condensin II protein dysfunction impacts mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial oxidative stress responses. J Cell Sci. 2019;132(22). doi: 10.1242/jcs.233783
- Jing Z, Liu Q, He X, et al. NCAPD3 enhances Warburg effect through c-myc and E2F1 and promotes the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2022;41(1):198. doi: 10.1186/s13046-022-02412-3
- Lu T, Yang J, Cai Y, et al. NCAPD3 promotes diffuse large B-cell lymphoma progression through modulating SIRT1 expression in an H3K9 monomethylation-dependent manner. J Adv Res. 2025;68:163-178. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.024
- Zhang Y, Shao Y, Ren J, et al. NCAPD3 exerts tumor-promoting effects in prostatic cancer via dual impact on miR-30a-5p by STAT3-MALAT1 and MYC. Cell Death Discov. 2024;10:159. doi: 10.1038/s41420-024-01930-7
- Jing Z, Liu Q, Xie W, et al. NCAPD3 promotes prostate cancer progression by up-regulating EZH2 and MALAT1 through STAT3 and E2F1. Cell Signal. 2022;92:110265. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110265
- Lapointe J, Malhotra S, Higgins JP, et al. hCAP-D3 expression marks a prostate cancer subtype with favorable clinical behavior and androgen signaling signature. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32(2):205-209. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318124a865
- Lapointe J, Li C, Higgins JP, et al. Gene expression profiling identifies clinically relevant subtypes of prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101(3):811-816. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0304146101
- Jung WY, Sung CO, Han SH, et al. AZGP-1 Immunohistochemical Marker in Prostate Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2014;22(9):652-657. doi: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000015
- Yin Y, Liu Q, Shao Y, et al. Regulatory mechanism of androgen receptor on NCAPD3 gene expression in prostate cancer. Prostate. 2022;82(1):26-40. doi: 10.1002/pros.24245
- Zhang Y, Xie W, Zong X, et al. NCAPD3-mediated AKT activation regulates prostate cancer progression. FASEB Bioadv. 2025;7(2). doi: 10.1096/fba.2024-00073
- Ullah A, Zhou C, Xiao W, et al. Identification of a novel EphB4 inhibitor, sanguinarine, which attenuates β-catenin signaling to inhibit tumor proliferation and migration in lung cancer. J Adv Res. Published online February 21, 2026. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2026.02.044
- Zhang L, Peng A, Qin Y. NCAPD3 is involved in papillary thyroid carcinoma proliferation, metastasis, and aerobic glycolytic pathway. Discov Oncol. 2025;16(1):955. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-02767-x
- Lv J, Gan FY, Li MH, Yin QJ. Silencing NCAPD3 Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Suppressing PI3K-AKT Signalling Pathway. Curr Med Sci. 2025;45(2):253-263. doi: 10.1007/s11596-025-00026-2
- Yang F, Zheng Y, Luo Q, Zhang S, Yang S, Chen X. Knockdown of NCAPD3 inhibits the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer by regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. BMC Cancer. 2024;24(1):408. doi: 10.1186/s12885-024-12131-x