AccScience Publishing / EJMO / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/EJMO026090094
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Ai Da Lotion improves eczema lesions via modulation of the JAK1/STAT3 pathway and regulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress

Yuan Li1 ,  Yangyang Liu2 ,  Zixiao Jiang2 ,  Haolin Wu3* ,  Jing Lin1*
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1 Preparation Department, Hainan Fifth People’s Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
2 Hainan Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Medicinal Plant Resources, Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
3 International Center for Aging and Cancer, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
EJMO, 026090094 https://doi.org/10.36922/EJMO026090094
Received: 23 February 2026 | Revised: 14 May 2026 | Accepted: 1 June 2026 | Published online: 8 July 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Introduction: Ai Da Lotion is widely used for eczema in the clinic; however, its active ingredients and molecular mechanism remain unclear.

Objective: We set out to define the molecular basis for how Ai Da Lotion—a compound traditional Chinese medicine preparation—acts to treat eczema, with the goal of generating sound scientific support for its clinical use and modern translational development.

Methods: In this study, we combined ultra high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry profiling with network pharmacology and molecular docking to identify the formula’s bioactive constituents and key targets, then validated these findings in keratinocyte-based models of eczema.

Results: Chemical profiling identified 889 constituents, and physicochemical screening narrowed these to 42 candidate active compounds. Target network analysis uncovered 37 core nodes, with Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) emerging as the dominant regulatory pair. Two lead compounds—8-deoxylactucin and 6β-hydroxymethandrostenolone—bound JAK1 and STAT3 with high affinity (binding energy <−7.6 kcal/mol). Functionally, Ai Da Lotion promoted keratinocyte migration, attenuated oxidative stress, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppressed Caspase-3–mediated apoptosis. These protective effects were recapitulated upon JAK1/STAT3 overexpression and blocked by selective pathway inhibition, indicating that the formula works primarily through JAK1/STAT3 modulation.

Conclusion: Our results provide a mechanistic basis for Ai Da Lotion and illustrate a practical strategy for dissecting the pharmacology of complex herbal dermatological preparations.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Ai Da Lotion
Eczema
Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Network pharmacology
Molecular docking
Janus kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway
Funding
This research was supported by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (823MS155), Hainan Provincial Key R&D Project (ZDYF2025SXLH015), and Hainan Province Scientific Research Projects of Higher Education Institutions in 2023 (Hnky2023-31).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, Electronic ISSN: 2587-196X Print ISSN: 2587-2400, Published by AccScience Publishing
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