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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Questionnaire-based study on speech changes and delays in children using protective masks: A public health issue that cannot be ignored

Sabina Saccomanno1†* ,  Lorenzo Silenzi Ederli2† ,  Martina D’Angelantonio2,3 ,  Gianluca Benincasa2 ,  Mario Palermiti2 ,  Francesco Inchingolo4 ,  Laura Ferrante4 ,  Angelo Michele Inchingolo4,5 ,  Andrea Palermo6 ,  Gaetano Isola7* ,  Alessio Danilo Inchingolo4‡ ,  Gianna Dipalma4‡
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1 Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Lazio, Italy
2 Department of Health, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi, L’Aquila, Italy
3 Private Practice, Civitavecchia Medical Center, Civitavecchia, Rome, Lazio, Italy
4 Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
5 Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
6 Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Lombardy, Italy
7 Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
EJMO, 025300323 https://doi.org/10.36922/EJMO025300323
Received: 25 July 2025 | Revised: 9 October 2025 | Accepted: 20 October 2025 | Published online: 8 December 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prolonged use of face masks became necessary for infection control. However, this widespread practice may have unintentionally impacted communication, particularly in children at critical stages of speech and language development.

Objective: This study aims to examine parental perceptions regarding the effect of prolonged face-mask use on speech and language development in children aged 2–8 years during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a 14-item online questionnaire completed voluntarily by parents or legal guardians. The survey explored perceived speech and language changes, recovery following discontinuation of mask use, and whether professional intervention (e.g., speech therapy) was sought.

Results: A total of 60 participants were recruited. Language delays were more frequently reported in children under 3 years of age (38%) than in older children (22%). Following the end of mask use, 43.1% of parents reported no change in language development, 29.3% perceived no association, and 27.6% observed improvement. Among those who noticed delays, 30.8% consulted a speech therapist, 61.5% reported spontaneous recovery, and 7.7% reported no recovery. Overall, 77.3% of children showed significant language recovery after stopping mask use, 13.6% recovered partially, and 9.1% did not recover.

Conclusion: Parental perceptions suggest that prolonged mask use may have interfered with language development in some children, especially the youngest. While many children improved spontaneously, a notable proportion required professional intervention. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and support for children potentially affected by communication while wearing masks during critical developmental periods. Further research using clinician-assessed measures is needed to validate these perceptions.

Keywords
COVID-19
Protective mask
Speech therapy
Myofunctional therapy
Periodontitis
Children
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
Gaetano Isola is an Editorial Board Member of this journal but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
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Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, Electronic ISSN: 2587-196X Print ISSN: 2587-2400, Published by AccScience Publishing
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