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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Differential gene expression and gene ontology associated with breast cancer development and progression: A meta-analysis study

Najia El Aboudi1 ,  Faissal Ouardi1 ,  Mouna Ababou2 ,  Laraqui Abdelilah3 ,  Oubaida Elbiad3 ,  Bouabid Badaoui4*
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1 Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
2 Laboratory of Human Pathologies, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
3 Biosafety Level 3 and Research Laboratory, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
4 Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity, and Environment, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
EJMO, 025060025 https://doi.org/10.36922/EJMO025060025
Received: 7 February 2025 | Revised: 27 April 2025 | Accepted: 6 May 2025 | Published online: 10 November 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is heterogeneous and remains a major health priority. Robust biomarkers are needed to improve early detection and guide therapy.

Objective: This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying BC development (normal versus cancer) and progression (early versus late).

Methods: A meta-analysis of 51 microarray studies comparing BC and normal cells, as well as early- and late-stage BC cells, was conducted using microarray data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress databases. Five meta-analysis methods, each based on different statistical approaches, were applied, and the overlapping results were identified.

Results: A total of 3,362 and 95 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with BC development and progression were identified. Among these DEGs, the upregulation of COL10A1, COL11A1, TOP2A, CDK1, MMP11, and S100P and the downregulation of ADH1B, SFRP1, DST, LEP, ADIPOQ, and CHRDL1 were the most significantly associated with BC development. DEGs such as DHTKD1 and CBX3 (upregulated) and MAP3K20 (downregulated) were found to be among the most significantly differentially expressed in BC progression. The top gene ontology terms enriched in BC development included regulation of signaling receptor activity and cytokine-mediated signaling pathway. In addition, the cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process and response to organic substances were significantly enriched in BC progression.

Conclusion: Many of the DEGs may serve as potential therapeutic targets for BC.

Keywords
Breast cancer
Meta-analysis
Microarray data
Differentially expressed genes
Early-stage cancer
Late-stage cancer
Gene ontology
Funding
This study was supported by the National Centre for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST) through the Programme de Bourses d’Excellence de Recherche (PBER).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, Electronic ISSN: 2587-196X Print ISSN: 2587-2400, Published by AccScience Publishing
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