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REVIEW ARTICLE

Understanding the molecular basis of radioresistance in lung cancer: A comprehensive review

Fatima Zohra Attouahri1,2 ,  Boutaina Addoum1 ,  Leila Benbacer1 ,  Samira Mimount1 ,  Bouchra El Mchichi3 ,  Abdelhamid Barakat4 ,  Hanane El Ouazzani5 ,  Ismail Rhorfi5 ,  Ahmed Abid5 ,  Mouna Ababou2 ,  Khalid Ennibi3 ,  Khaoula Errafii6 ,  Mohammed El Mzibri1*
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1 Department of Life Sciences, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Sciences and Techniques, Rabat, Morocco
2 Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
3 Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
4 Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Research, Psteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
5 Department of Pneumology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
6 African Genome Centre, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Rehamna, Morocco
EJMO, 025190168 https://doi.org/10.36922/EJMO025190168
Received: 7 May 2025 | Revised: 27 May 2025 | Accepted: 4 June 2025 | Published online: 17 November 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Lung cancer (LC) remains the most common malignancy in both genders and is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite significant advances in therapeutic approaches, radiotherapy (RT) continues to be one of the main approaches to LC treatment. However, radioresistance represents a major challenge to effective disease management and contributes significantly to treatment failure and poor prognosis. Radioresistance can be intrinsic, existing before treatment, or acquired during RT. It is a highly complex and multifactorial mechanism involving various cellular and molecular processes that are not yet fully understood. Key mechanisms contributing to radioresistance include enhanced DNA damage repair, cell cycle redistribution, inhibition of apoptosis, disruption of intracellular signaling pathways, interaction with the tumor microenvironment, autophagy-mediated survival, cancer stem cell-related resistance, and deregulation of non-coding ribonucleic acids. Understanding these pathways is essential for identifying new therapeutic targets and developing strategies to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying radioresistance in LC.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Lung cancer. Radiotherapy
Radioresistance
Funding
This paper has been prepared within the framework of the project funded by Mohammed VI Polytechnic University & OCP Foundation (TNI 2024 program).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, Electronic ISSN: 2587-196X Print ISSN: 2587-2400, Published by AccScience Publishing
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