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REVIEW ARTICLE

Application of natural killer cell-based immunotherapy in lung cancer treatment

Chenchen Zhao1 ,  Tong Wu1 ,  Xianbin Kong2* ,  Zhuting Li1*
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1 Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
2 Department of Oncology, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
EJMO, 025110051 https://doi.org/10.36922/EJMO025110051
Received: 11 March 2025 | Revised: 11 April 2025 | Accepted: 6 May 2025 | Published online: 30 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Intervention Strategies)
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor originating in the bronchi, trachea, or other lung tissues. Despite significant advances in treatment, clinical outcomes remain unsatisfactory due to factors such as chemotherapy and heterogeneity. Natural killer (NK) cells are a key component of the innate immune system. A reduction in NK cell number or dysfunction can lead to immune evasion by tumor cells, contributing to malignant progression. In lung cancer, NK cell imbalance is closely associated with tumor immune escape mechanisms, making the modulation of NK cell activity a promising therapeutic strategy. This review examines the role of NK cell dysfunction in lung cancer immune escape and highlights recent advances in NK cell-based immunotherapy. Therapeutic approaches include cell-based NK therapies, cytokine stimulation, immune checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, signal pathway-targeted agents, and bioactive compounds derived from medicinal and edible plants. Furthermore, emerging clinical evidence demonstrates the effectiveness of NK cell immunotherapy in improving treatment outcomes in lung cancer patients. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current strategies to enhance NK cell function and presents novel therapeutic avenues to support future lung cancer interventions.

Keywords
Natural killer cells
Immunotherapy
Lung cancer
Funding
The work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 82305331), the Science and Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education (Grant No.: 2022KJ180), and the “Inheritance Plan” Reserve Talent Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Conflict of interest
Xianbin Kong is an Editorial Board Member of this journal and Guest Editor of this special issue. The authors declared that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper
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Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, Electronic ISSN: 2587-196X Print ISSN: 2587-2400, Published by AccScience Publishing
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