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REVIEW ARTICLE

The role of gut microbiome in obesity and metabolic dysfunctions: Insights and therapeutic potential

Siham El Moussaoui1* ,  Touria Derkaoui1,2 ,  Fatima Zahrae Alaoui Ismaili1 ,  Nezha Tawfiq3 ,  Mohammed El Mzibri4 ,  Abdelilah Laraqui5 ,  Mohamed Mansouri1,6 ,  Amina Barakat1 ,  Naima Ghailani Nourouti1 ,  Maria Paz Weisshaar7 ,  Mohcine Bennani Mechita1
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1 Intelligent Automation and BioMed Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan, Morocco
2 Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Tangier, Ministry of Health,Tangier, Morocco
3 Mohammed VI Center for Cancer Treatment, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
4 Biology and Medical Research Unit, National Centre for Energy, Nuclear Sciences and Techniques (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco
5 Sequencing Unit, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
6 Oncology Clinic, Al Amal of Tangier, Morocco
7 Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
EJMO, 8318 https://doi.org/10.36922/ejmo.8318
Submitted: 31 December 2024 | Revised: 28 January 2025 | Accepted: 18 February 2025 | Published: 24 March 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Obesity is a chronic inflammatory disease defined by an excessive accumulation of body fat. The human gut microbiota (GM) is an intricate ecosystem of microorganisms living symbiotically within the gastrointestinal tract and has emerged as a key player in health and metabolic diseases. Recently, several studies have increasingly revolved around understanding the specific compositions and strains of GM and their potential impact on obesity. This review provides a summary of the most recent findings regarding obesity and newly developed therapies that show exceptional efficacy in treating this condition. In addition, it explores different GM strains that may contribute to the progression and development of obesity. This article summarizes the molecular insights involved in the relationship between obesity and GM, the characteristics of this ecosystem, and its involvement in human metabolism, energy balance, and inflammation leading to obesity. Furthermore, it examines the bacteria most engaged in managing obesity. These findings contribute to a better understanding of this significant and intricate relationship, ultimately aiding in obesity prevention.

Keywords
Microbiota
Weight loss
Weight gain
Obesity
Diversity
Gut microbiome
Funding
The authors would like to thank the Moroccan Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation, as well as the OCP Foundation for funding this work through the APRD Research Program. Dr. Siham El Moussaoui was awarded a scholarship from Mohammed VI Polytechnic University of Benguerir during the preparation of this literature review. The scholarship provided financial support throughout the 3-year duration of the doctoral studies, enabling the execution of the content or interpretation of this review.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, Electronic ISSN: 2587-196X Print ISSN: 2587-2400, Published by AccScience Publishing
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