A Meta-Analysis for Association of Cyclooxygenase-2 Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer
A number of studies have evaluated the association of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) polymorphisms with prostate cancer risk. However, the results still remain controversial. We carried out this meta-analysis to clarify the association of COX-2 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. An universal search in PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar was performed to identify relevant studies up to January 2021. A total of 34 case-control studies including 11 studies with 13,248 cases and 14,768 controls were on -765G>C, 7 studies with 9,720 cases and 10,695 controls on -1195G>A, 9 studies with 11,476 cases and 11,761 controls on +202C>T, and 7 studies with 12,220 cases and 12,496 controls were on +8473T>C were selected. Pooled data showed that the COX-2 +202C>T polymorphism (T vs. C: OR= 1.305, 95% CI: 1.849-9.490; p= 0.001; TT+TC vs. CC: OR= 0.781, 95% CI: 0.669-0.913; p=0.002) was associated with risk of prostate cancer, but not the -765G>C, -1195G>A and +8473T>C polymorphisms. Stratified analyses showed that the -765G>C, -1195G>A and +202C>T polymorphisms were associated with prostate cancer risk by ethnicity. To sum up, our results indicated that the COX-2 +202C>T polymorphism was associated with risk of prostate cancer, while the -765G>C, -1195G>A and +8473T>C polymorphisms were not associated.
1.Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:87– 108. [CrossRef]
2. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:7–30. [CrossRef]
3. Odedina FT, Akinremi TO, Chinegwundoh F, Roberts R, Yu D, Reams RR, et al. Prostate cancer disparities in Black men of African descent: a comparative literature review of prostate cancer burden among Black men in the United States, Caribbean, United Kingdom, and West Africa. Infect Agent Cancer 2009;4(Suppl 1):S2. [CrossRef]
4. Perez-Cornago A, Key TJ, Allen NE, Fensom GK, Bradbury KE, Martin RM, et al. Prospective investigation of risk factors for prostate cancer in the UK Biobank cohort study. Br J Cancer 2017;117:1562–71. [CrossRef]
5. Bai Y, Gao YT, Deng J, Sesterhenn IA, Fraumeni JF, Hsing AW. Risk of prostate cancer and family history of cancer: a population-based study in China. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2005;8:60–5. [CrossRef]
6. Rodriguez C, Calle EE, Miracle-McMahill HL, Tatham LM, Wingo PA, Thun M, et al. Family history and risk of fatal prostate cancer. Epidemiology 1997;8:653–7. [CrossRef]
7. Gómez-Acebo I, Dierssen-Sotos T, Fernandez-Navarro P, Palazuelos C, Moreno V, Aragonés N, et al. Risk model for prostate cancer using environmental and genetic factors in the Spanish multi-case-control (MCC). Sci Rep 2017;7:8994. [CrossRef]
8. Rawla P. Epidemiology of prostate cancer. World J Oncol 2019;10:63–89. [CrossRef]
9. Shen MM, Abate-Shen C. Molecular genetics of prostate cancer: new prospects for old challenges. Genes Dev 2010;24:1967–2000. [CrossRef]
10. Balistreri CR, Candore G, Lio D, Carruba G. Prostate cancer: from the pathophysiologic implications of some genetic risk factors to translation in personalized cancer treatments. Cancer Gene Ther 2014;21:2–11. [CrossRef]
11. Ishak MB, Giri VN. A systematic review of replication studies of prostate cancer susceptibility genetic variants in high-risk men originally identified from genome-wide association studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20:1599–610.
12. Nikolić Z, Savić Pavićević D, Brajušković G. Genetic Association Studies on Prostate Cancer. In: Mohan R, ed. Prostate Cancer - Leading-edge Diagnostic Procedures and Treatments. London: InTech Open; 2016. [CrossRef]
13. Farashi S, Kryza T, Clements J, Batra J. Post-GWAS in prostate cancer: from genetic association to biological contribution. Nat Rev Cancer 2019;19:46–59. [CrossRef]
14. Sobolewski C, Cerella C, Dicato M, Ghibelli L, Diederich M. The role of cyclooxygenase-2 in cell proliferation and cell death in human malignancies. Int J Cell Biol 2010;2010:215158.
15. Chandrasekharan NV, Simmons DL. The cyclooxygenases. Genome Biol 2004;5:241. [CrossRef]
16. Rouzer CA, Marnett LJ. Cyclooxygenases: structural and functional insights. J Lipid Res 2009;50(Suppl):S29–34. [CrossRef]
17. Blobaum AL, Marnett LJ. Structural and functional basis of cyclooxygenase inhibition. J Med Chem 2007;50:1425–41.
18. Pan Y, Gao S, Qi Q, Liu L. The genetic variant of COX-2 acts as a potential risk factor of colorectal cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis based on 13461 individuals. Integr Mol Med 2015;2:440–8.
19. Zhang YC, Zhao H, Chen C, Ali MA. COX-2 gene rs689466 polymorphism is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer among Caucasians: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2020;18:192. [CrossRef]
20. Piranda DN, Festa-Vasconcellos JS, Amaral LM, Bergmann A, Vianna-Jorge R. Polymorphisms in regulatory regions of Cyclooxygenase-2 gene and breast cancer risk in Brazilians: A case-control study. BMC Cancer 2010;10:613. [CrossRef]
21. Panguluri RCK, Long LO, Chen W, Wang S, Coulibaly A, Ukoli F, et al. COX-2 gene promoter haplotypes and prostate cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2004;25:961–6. [CrossRef]
22. Cheng I, Liu X, Plummer SJ, Krumroy LM, Casey G, Witte JS. COX2 genetic variation, NSAIDs, and advanced prostate cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2007;97:557–61. [CrossRef]
23. Shahedi K, Lindström S, Zheng SL, Wiklund F, Adolfsson J, Sun J, et al. Genetic variation in the COX-2 gene and the association with prostate cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2006;119:668–72.
24. Jafari-Nedooshan J, Dastgheib SA, Kargar S, Zare M, RaeeEzzabadi A, Heiranizadeh N, et al. Association of IL-6 -174 G>C polymorphism with susceptibility to colorectal cancer and gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2019;62:137–46. [CrossRef]
25. Jafari M, Jarahzadeh MH, Dastgheib SA, Seifi-Shalamzari N, Raee-Ezzabadi A, Sadeghizadeh-Yazdi J, et al. Association of PAI-1 rs1799889 Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke: a Huge Meta-Analysis based on 44 Studies. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2020;63:31–42. [CrossRef]
26. Murad A, Lewis SJ, Smith GD, Collin SM, Chen L, Hamdy FC, et al. PTGS2-899G>C and prostate cancer risk: a populationbased nested case-control study (ProtecT) and a systematic review with meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2009;12:296-300.
27. Balistreri C, Caruso C, Carruba G, Miceli V, Campisi I, Listi F, et al. A pilot study on prostate cancer risk and pro-inflammatory genotypes: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. Curr Pharm Des 2010;16:718–24.
28. Wu HC, Chang CH, Ke HL, Chang WS, Cheng HN, Lin HH, et al. Association of cyclooxygenase 2 polymorphic genotypes with prostate cancer in taiwan. Anticancer Res 2011;31:221–5.
29. Catsburg C, Joshi AD, Corral R, Lewinger JP, Koo J, John EM, et al. Polymorphisms in carcinogen metabolism enzymes, fish intake, and risk of prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis 2012;33:1352–9.
30. Joshi AD, Corral R, Catsburg C, Lewinger JP, Koo J, John EM, et al. Red meat and poultry, cooking practices, genetic susceptibility and risk of prostate cancer: Results from a multiethnic case-control study. Carcinogenesis 2012;33:2108–18. [CrossRef]
31. Dossus L, Kaaks R, Canzian F, Albanes D, Berndt SI, Boeing H, et al. PTGS2 and IL6 genetic variation and risk of breast and prostate cancer: Results from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). Carcinogenesis 2010;31:455–61.
32. Mandal RK, Mittal RD. Polymorphisms in COX-2 gene influence prostate cancer susceptibility in a Northern Indian cohort. Arch Med Res 2011;42:620–6. [CrossRef]
33. Kopp TI, Friis S, Christensen J, Tjønneland A, Vogel U. Polymorphisms in genes related to inflammation, NSAID use, and the risk of prostate cancer among Danish men. Cancer Genet 2013;206:266–78. [CrossRef]
34. Sugie S, Tsukino H, Mukai S, Akioka T, Shibata N, Nagano M, et al. Cyclooxygenase 2 genotypes influence prostate cancer susceptibility in Japanese Men. Tumour Biol 2014;35:2717–21.
35. Fradet V, Cheng L, Casey G, Witte JS. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids, Cyclooxygenase-2 genetic variation, and aggressive prostate cancer risk. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:2559–66. [CrossRef]
36. Salinas CA, Kwon EM, Fitzgerald LM, Feng Z, Nelson PS, Ostrander EA, et al. Use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications in relation to prostate cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 2010;172:578–90.
37. Amirian ES, Ittmann MM, Scheurer ME. Associations between arachidonic acid metabolism gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. Prostate 2011;71:1382–9.
38. Fawzy MS, Elfayoumi AR, Mohamed RH, Fatah IRA, Saadawy SF. Cyclooxygenase 2 (rs2745557) polymorphism and the susceptibility to benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer in Egyptians. Biochem Genet 2016;54:326–36. [CrossRef]
39. Danforth KN, Hayes RB, Rodriguez C, Yu K, Sakoda LC, Huang WY, et al. Polymorphic variants in PTGS2 and prostate cancer risk: results from two large nested case-control studies. Carcinogenesis 2008;29:568–72.
40. Abedinzadeh M, Zare-Shehneh M, Neamatzadeh H, Abedinzadeh M, Karami H. Association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer: evidence from 22 studies with 10,832 cases and 11,993 controls. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16:4525–30. [CrossRef]
41. Abedinzadeh M, Dastgheib SA, Maleki H, Heiranizadeh N, Zare M, Jafari-Nedooshan J, et al. Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to prostate cancer: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol J 2020;17:329–37.
42. Garg R, Blando JM, Perez CJ, Lal P, Feldman MD, Smyth EM, et al. COX-2 mediates pro-tumorigenic effects of PKCε in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2018;37:4735–49. [CrossRef]
43. Hanna VS, Hafez EAA. Synopsis of arachidonic acid metabolism: a review. J Adv Res 2018;11:23–32. [CrossRef]
44. Sooriakumaran P, Kaba R. The risks and benefits of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors in prostate cancer: a review. Int J Surg 2005;3:278–85. [CrossRef]
45. Wu S, Huang D, Su X, Yan H, Ma A, Li L, et al. The prostaglandin synthases, COX-2 and L-PGDS, mediate prostate hyperplasia induced by low-dose bisphenol A. Sci Rep 2020;10:13108.
46. Xie C, Sun X, Chen J, Ng CF, Lau KM, Cai Z, et al. Down-regulated CFTR during aging contributes to benign prostatic hy-perplasia. Journal of Cellular Physiology 2015;230:1906–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.24921. [CrossRef]
47. Pang LY, Hurst EA, Argyle DJ. Cyclooxygenase-2: a role in cancer stem cell survival and repopulation of cancer cells during therapy. Stem Cells International 2016;2016:2048731.
48. Feng YQ, Li YU, Xiao WD, Wang GX, Li YO. Lack of association between the cyclooxygenase 2 -765G>C polymorphism and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Genet Mol Res 2015;14:13391–402. [CrossRef]
49. Yang X, Li B, Si T, Liu Y, Guo Z. Association between the 8473T>C polymorphism of PTGS2 and prostate cancer risk: a metaanalysis including 24,716 subjects. Onkologie 2013;36:182–6.
50. Zhang HT, Xu Y, Zhang ZH, Li L. Meta-analysis of epidemiological studies demonstrates significant association of PTGS2 polymorphism rs689470 and no significant association of rs20417 with prostate cancer. Genet Mol Res 2012;11:1642– 50. [CrossRef]
51. Mashhadiabbas F, Neamatzadeh H, Nasiri R, Foroughi E, Farahnak S, Piroozmand P, et al. Association of vitamin D receptor BsmI, TaqI, FokI, and ApaI polymorphisms with susceptibility of chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on 38 case–control studies. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2018;15:155–65. [CrossRef]
52. Gohari M, Neámatzadeh H, Jafari MA, Mazaheri M, ZareShehneh M, Abbasi-Shavazi E. Association between the p53 codon 72 polymorphism and primary open-angle glaucoma risk: Meta-analysis based on 11 case-control studies. Indian J Ophthalmol 2016;64:756–61. [CrossRef]
53. Aslebahar F, Neamatzadeh H, Meibodi B, Karimi-Zarchi M, Tabatabaei RS, Noori-Shadkam M, et al. Association of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) -308g>a and -238g>a polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss risk: a meta-analysis. Int J Fertil Steril 2019;12:284–92.