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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Prognostic implication and oncogenic role of DDIT3 in breast cancer

Fajia Yuan1 ,  Lirong Jia2 ,  Jin Jin2 ,  Yuezhen Liu2 ,  Xiaojun Cao2 ,  Hui Li3*
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1 Department of Medical and Health, Jin Zhong Vocational and Technical College, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
2 Department of Basic Medicine, Jin Zhong Health School, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
3 Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
CP, 025100014 https://doi.org/10.36922/CP025100014
Received: 6 March 2025 | Revised: 14 June 2025 | Accepted: 24 June 2025 | Published online: 24 February 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Although DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) has been identified as a novel gene associated with breast cancer, its clinical significance, biological function, and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. By integrating immunohistochemistry with data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we discovered that elevated levels of DDIT3 Messenger RNA and protein expression are significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Functional assays and preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that DDIT3 may promote breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, potentially by downregulating activating transcription factor-2.

Keywords
Breast cancer
DDIT3
Prognosis
Oncogene
Funding
This work was financially supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Universities in Shanxi (2021RC010); Shanxi Bethune Hospital National Natural Seed Players Cultivation Project (2023GZRZ22); Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province (202403021211182); and the Research and Innovation Team Project for Scientific Breakthroughs at Shanxi Bethune Hospital (2024AOXIANG04).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Cancer Plus, Electronic ISSN: 2661-3840 Print ISSN: 2661-3832, Published by AccScience Publishing
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