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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

MXene-montmorillonite nanocomposites-based scaffold sensors for early pancreatic cancer diagnosis

Mahek Sadiq1 ,  Quyen N.K. Hoang1 ,  Aaron Kishlock2 ,  Farnia Ghafouri Sabzevari3 ,  Kalpana Katti1,2,4 ,  Dinesh Katti1,4 ,  Qifeng Zhang1,2,5 ,  Danling Wang1,2,5*
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1 Biomedical Engineering Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
2 Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
3 Cellular and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
4 Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
5 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
CP 2024, 6(3), 3793
Submitted: 30 May 2024 | Accepted: 28 August 2024 | Published: 9 October 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is increasingly prevalent and characterized by a high mortality rate. Due to the limitations of current diagnostic methods, early-stage detection remains elusive, contributing to persistently low survival rates among affected individuals. Nanomaterials have garnered significant attention in cancer research for their potential diagnostic applications. Among these, MXenes – a novel family of two-dimensional nanomaterials composed of transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides – are of particular interest due to their unique properties. These include high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, thermal stability, large interlayer spacing, tunable structure, and high surface area. These characteristics make MXenes highly effective for detecting trace amounts of various analytes. In addition, their tunable structure enables precise manipulation of their properties, allowing for optimized sensing responses. Montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT), a member of the smectite group of natural clay minerals, is known for its ability to promote bone development and influence cell behavior. When combined with MXenes, MMT forms promising nanocomposites for early pancreatic cancer detection through sensing applications. The Ti3C2 MXene-MMT nanocomposites exhibit potential as scaffold sensors capable of distinguishing cancerous from non-cancerous samples by observing the distinctive patterns in resistance changes. In addition, MXenes possess excellent selectivity, allowing for the reliable identification of targeted analytes from a complex mixture of chemical and biological analytes. Due to the advanced sensing capabilities of MXene-MMT composite scaffold sensors, they hold great promise for early cancer diagnosis and tissue regeneration, providing a novel therapeutic approach to improving patient outcomes.

Keywords
Sensor
Scaffold
MXene
Nanocomposite
Nanoclay
Nanomaterial
Funding
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Eager-2226202, RII Track 2 – 2218046, and RII-Track-1: ND-ACES 1946202), ND Economic Diversification Research Funds (ND-EDRF), and ND EPSCoR. The results, discussion, and opinions reflected in this paper are those of the authors only and do not necessarily represent those of the sponsors.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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Cancer Plus, Electronic ISSN: 2661-3840 Print ISSN: 2661-3832, Published by AccScience Publishing
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