Neurological manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to both disease burden and patient morbidity. This comprehensive review delves into the spectrum of neurological complications linked with IBD, highlighting the involvement of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. The neurological impairments range from more common conditions such as peripheral neuropathy, characterized by nerve damage leading to pain and numbness, and cerebrovascular diseases, which include strokes and transient ischemic attacks, to less frequent but intensely severe conditions such as multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis, which involve the immune system attacking components of the nervous system. The complex pathophysiology underlying these manifestations integrates various factors including immune-mediated responses, vascular abnormalities such as thromboembolism, nutritional deficiencies often exacerbated by malabsorption and chronic inflammation, and the adverse effects elicited by IBD medications such as corticosteroids and immunomodulators. This review underscores the importance of adopting a multidisciplinary management approach. By integrating the expertise of gastroenterologists with that of neurologists, rheumatologists, and other specialists, patient outcomes can be significantly optimized. Further emphasis is placed on the necessity for heightened clinical awareness and the implementation of early diagnostic interventions to effectively identify and mitigate the neurological complications associated with IBD. In conclusion, ongoing research aimed at elucidating the underlying mechanisms that connect IBD with neurological disorders is imperative to facilitate the development of more effective preventative and therapeutic strategies for these challenging complications.