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Most utilized rodent models for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease: A critical review of the past 5 years

Ana Flávia F. Ferreira1* ,  Marina Meira1 ,  Livia M. Lemuchi1 ,  Maria E. Bianchetti1 ,  Nicole M. Kamidai1 ,  Livia M. Kilinsky1 ,  Luiz R. G. Britto1
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1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Advanced Neurology 2024, 3(3), 2903 https://doi.org/10.36922/an.2903
Submitted: 7 February 2024 | Accepted: 30 April 2024 | Published: 11 June 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The past few years have witnessed extensive research on the two most common neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). With an urgent need for new treatments, drug targets, and a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these conditions, researchers have turned to animal models, especially rodents, to address these issues. However, the abundance of reported models poses a challenge when choosing the most suitable model for a specific study. In this critical review, we systematically scrutinized studies using rodent models of AD or PD over the past 5 years. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, followed by the meticulous screening of the identified studies. Among the retrieved publications, 1,222 studies reported the use of rodent models of PD, with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, α-synuclein, and 6-hydroxydopamine emerging as the most frequently used models. Similarly, 2,961 studies reported the use of rodent models of AD, with APP/PS1, 5×FAD, APP-based models, and 3×Tg being the most prevalent. In this review, we summarize and highlight the main characteristics of these models. By providing a comprehensive overview of their features and applications, this review guides future studies in the AD and PD field, eventually aiding in the selection of the most appropriate animal model tailored to the specific research question under scrutiny.

Keywords
Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson’s disease
Alpha-synuclein
6-hydroxydopamine
MPTP
3×Tg
5×FAD
APP/PS1
Funding
This study was funded by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES, Brazil - Finance Code 001), the São Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil, contracts #2018/07366-4 and #2022/14820-9), and The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil). Ana Flávia F. Ferreira received a PhD fellowship from FAPESP under Grant Agreements #2020/02109-3 and #2022/14846- 8. Livia M. Lemuchi, Maria E. Bianchetti, and Nicole M. Kamidai received a scientific initiation undergraduate fellowship from FAPESP under Grant Agreements #2023/05573-0, #2023/05618-4, and #2023/02355-2.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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Advanced Neurology, Electronic ISSN: 2810-9619 Print ISSN: 3060-8589, Published by AccScience Publishing
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