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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Collaborative governance for circular economy-based household waste management in rural Indonesia: The CIRCLE-SIJAGO BU framework

Dodi Hardinata1† Linda Fitri1† Rossa Damayanti1 Imam Hambali1 Rahmi Wati2 Harwindah Harwindah2 Taupik Rahman3* Nugroho Adi Sasongko3
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1 Department of Regional Research and Innovation, North Bengkulu Regency Regional Development Planning Research and Innovation Agency, Argamakmur City, Bengkulu, Indonesia
2 Department of Regional Research and Innovation, Regional Development Planning, Research and Innovation Agency of North Bengkulu Regency, Argamakmur City, Bengkulu, Indonesia
3 Research Center for Sustainable Industrial and Manufacturing Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Serpong, Banten, Indonesia
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
Received: 15 December 2025 | Revised: 30 March 2026 | Accepted: 14 April 2026 | Published online: 24 July 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

 Household waste is the dominant contributor to municipal solid waste generation in North Bengkulu Regency, yet much of it remains outside formal collection systems. This situation highlights the need for a better understanding of how community initiatives and collaborative governance arrangements can support circular waste management in rural settings. This study investigates community-driven household waste management in North Bengkulu Regency through a three-month qualitative study (September–November 2025) spanning five villages across two subdistricts. Methods included stakeholder interviews, field observations, focus groups, and document review covering six actor categories. Results show that households generate 186 tons/day of waste (50.78% of total municipal output), with formal collection covering just 22.72% and 77.28% disposed of haphazardly. Notable local adaptations, such as lamppost pickups and stacked bucket home composting, highlight community ingenuity when institutional support is in place. The proposed CIRCLE-SIJAGO BU model integrates household 3P practices, waste banks, multi-stakeholder coordination (community, government, micro, small, and medium enterprises, informal sector), material valorization, gotong royong traditions, and regulatory clarity to enable scalable rural circular systems anchored in indigenous social capital.

Keywords
Circular economy
Collaborative governance
Community-based waste management
Household waste
Rural development
Local wisdom
Funding
This work was supported by the North Bengkulu Regency Regional Development Planning Research and Innovation Agency.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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