AccScience Publishing / AJWEP / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/AJWEP025150110
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

How green finance, digitalization, and transport technologies affect the load capacity factor in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries

Azad Erdem1,2,3 ,  Nazli Demirtas4 ,  Ayse Nur Cirak5 ,  Abdulkadir Barut6,7* ,  Azadeh Amoozegar3
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1 Department of Public Finance, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkiye
2 Department of Economics and Business, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan
3 Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts, INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
4 Department of Public Finance, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkiye
5 Department of Banking and Insurance, Faculty of Business, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkiye
6 Department of Accounting and Taxation, Siverek Vocational School, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkiye
7 Department of Finance and Banking, Fındıklı Faculty of Applied Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkiye
AJWEP, 025150110 https://doi.org/10.36922/AJWEP025150110
Received: 10 April 2025 | Revised: 1 July 2025 | Accepted: 14 July 2025 | Published online: 31 December 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

With environmental pollution on the rise, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries have recognized the need to invest heavily in environmentally sound technologies and digitalization. These economies have enacted a series of agreements to ensure environmental sustainability on a global scale. This study aims to achieve Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 11, which focus on a clean environment, and to assess the impact of transport technologies, digitalization, and green finance on the load capacity factor. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the impact of transportation technologies, digitalization, and green finance on environmental quality in OECD economies. In addition, the study assesses the implications of achieving carbon neutrality by 2030, which was highlighted at the United Nations Conference of the Parties on Climate Change. In this context, the study analyzes data from 1995 to 2020, and OECD member countries were selected for inclusion. The findings reveal that no mutual causal relationship was found between load capacity and green finance. However, there is a reciprocal causal relationship between transportation technologies and freight capacity, as well as a unidirectional causal relationship between digitalization and freight capacity. In addition, this study provides policy recommendations to support the Sustainable Development Goals.

Keywords
Green finance
Digitalization
Transport technologies
Load capacity factor
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, Electronic ISSN: 1875-8568 Print ISSN: 0972-9860, Published by AccScience Publishing
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