Physicochemical Investigation of Surface Water Quality of Urban Wetlands of Bangalore, India
The urban aquatic ecosystems are strongly influenced by long term discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater, storm water runoff, accidental spills and direct solid waste dumping. In this study, a survey of physico-chemical pollution of surface water of existing water bodies in Bangalore urban region was carried out. The findings show that total and magnesium hardness, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand exceeded desirable limits. Magnesium, chlorides and orthophosphates were also excessive. Calcium carbonate saturation indices showed that the water from the surveyed water bodies had a scale forming tendency. Pearson’s coefficient correlation between the chemical contaminants showed a very strong and a statistically significant relationship between sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chlorides and fluorides.
APHA (American Public Health Association), American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation (1995). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. 19th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington.
APHA (American Public Health Association), American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. 20th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington.
Fakayode, Sayo O. (2005). Impact Assessment of Industrial Effluent on Water Quality of the Receiving Alaro River in Ibadan, Nigeria. AJEAM-RAGEE, 10: 1–13.
Food and Agricultural Organization (2008). The Relationship of Yield to Morpho-edaphic Index and Numbers of Fishermen. FAO Corporate Document Repository. Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. www.fao.org/docrep/008/ e6645b/E6645B01.htm
Gaur, Ajay S. and Sanjay S. Gaur (2006). Statistical Methods for Practice and Research: A Guide to Data Analysis Using the SPSS. Response Books Publications, New Delhi.
Geoffrey, R. Smith, Kathleen G. Temple, Haley A. Dingfelder and A. David Vaala (2006). Effects of nitrate on the interactions of the tadpoles of two ranids (Rana clamitans and R. catesbeiana). Aquatic Ecology, 40: 125–130.
HACH (1999). DR/890 Colorimeter Procedures Manual. Hach Company, USA.
ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) (1975). Manual of Standards of Quality for Drinking Water Supplies.
Johnson, S.K. (1985). Understanding Water Analysis Reports: Water from Fresh water Fish Ponds and Their Water Supply. In: The Proceedings of the 1985 Texas Fish Farming Conference Held at College Station, Texas, 23–24 January 1985.
Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, Central Environmental Laboratory–KSPCB (2004). Standard Operating Procedures for Analysis. KSPCB/CEL/SOP/ Water Analysis Manual.
Kumaresan, M. and P. Riyazuddin (2006). Major ion chemistry of environmental samples around sub-urban of Chennai city. Current Science, 91(12): 1668–1677.
Mahadev, J. and S.P. Hosmani (2002). Assessment of Water Quality and Pollution in Lentic Environment by Using Langelier’s Index (Calcium Carbonate Saturation Index). In: Proceedings of Symposium on Conservation, Resto- ration, and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems (Lake 2002). Center for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. 9–13 December 2002.
Manivasakam, N. (2003). Physicochemical Examination of Water, Sewage, and Industrial Effluents. Pragati Prakashan Publications, Meerut.
Piispanen, Risto (1993). Water hardness and cardiovascular mortality in Finland. Journal of Environmental Geo- chemistry and Health, 15(4): 201–208.
Ramesh, K. (1996). Bangalore Water Supply System. In: Proceedings of Seminar on Environmental Related Issues of Bangalore. Environment Association of Bangalore. pp32–40.
Rao, Yerubandi R. and Raj C. Murthy (2007). Physical Processes in Large Lakes. In: Lakes and Coastal Wetlands
– Conservation, Restoration and Management. P.K. Mohanty (ed.). Pp. 118–131.
Dixit, Savita, Verma, Neelam, Tiwari, Suchi and D.D. Mishra (2007). An Innovative Technique for Lake Management with Reference to Aeration Unit Installed at Lower lake, Bhopal, India. Environ Monit. Assess, 124: 33–37.
Shariatpatanahi, M. and A.C. Anderson (1987). Survey of chemical constituents of Tehran’s groundwater. Journal of Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 9(3-4): 55–60.