Biosorption of Cr(VI) by Metal Resistant Bacteria from Industrial Effluent
Chromium biosorption was found to be influenced by the pH of the solution, initial metal concentration, amount of the dried powdered cells and contact time. Batch biosorption of chromium(VI) from an aqueous solution was studied using dry biomass of inactivated bacteria isolated from the industrial effluent. At the initial metal ion concentration of 50 mg L-1, the Cr(VI) adsorbed was 7.14 mg g-1 of adsorbent. At 300 mg L-1 initial Cr(VI) concentration, removal of 47.02 mg g-1 of Cr(VI) was recorded. The Cr(VI) adsorbed increased with increasing initial metal ion concentration up to 300 mg L-1. Optimum biosorption was recorded at pH 3. At all the concentrations, the adsorption equilibrium was obtained within 6 h. The adsorption equilibrium constants were obtained from both Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The organism could remove 60 mg of Cr(VI) per gram of adsorbent from an effluent (300 mg L-1) at pH 3. Several desorping agents like EDTA, oxalic acid, citric acid etc. were used for desorption process of which citric acid was found to be better desorping agent. Immobilization with alginate preparation was found to maintain the biosorption potential
Aksu, Z., Acikel, U., Kabasakal, E. and S. Tezer (2002). Equilibrium modeling of individual and simultaneous biosorption of chromium (VI) and nickel (II) onto dried activated sludge. Water Research, 36: 3063-3073.
Aleem, A., Isar, J. and A. Malik (2003). Impact of long-term application of industrial wastewater on the emergence of resistance traits in Azotobacter chroococcum isolated from rhizospheric soil. Bioresource Technology, 86: 7-13.
Arýca, M.Y. and G. Bayramoglu (2005). Cr(VI) biosorption from aqueous solutions using free and immobilized biomass of Lentinus sajor-caju: preparation and kinetic characterization. Colloids and Surfaces. A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 253: 203-211.
Arica, M.Y., Tuzun, I., Yalcin, E., Ince, O. and G. Bayramoglou (2005). Utilization of native, heat and acid-treated microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii preparations for biosorption of Cr(VI) ions. Process Biochemistry, 40: 2351-2358.
Bayramoglou, G., Celik, G., Yalcin, E., Yilmaz, M. and M.Y. Arica (2005). Modification of surface properties of Lentinus sajor-caju mycelia by physical and chemical methods: Evaluation of their Cr+6 removal efficiencies from aqueous medium. Journal of Hazardous Materials, B119: 219-229.
Cetinkaya, D.G., Aksu, Z., Ozturk, A. and T. Kutsal (1999). A comparative study on heavy metal biosorption characteristics of some algae. Process Biochemistry, 34: 885-892.
Donmez, G. and Z. Aksu (2002). Removal of chromium (VI) from saline wastewaters by Dunaliella species. Process Biochemistry, 38: 751-762.
Fourest, E. and B. Volesky (1997). Alginate properties and heavy metal biosorption by marine algae. Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 67: 215-226.
Ikram, A.M. and A. Malik (2007). Biosorption of nickel and cadmium by metal resistant bacterial isolates from agricultural soil irrigated with industrial wastewater. Bioresource Technology, 98: 3149-3153.
Lu, W-B., Shi, J-J., Wang, C-H. and J-S Chang (2006). Biosorption of lead, metal copper and cadmium by an indigenous isolate Enterobacter sp. J1 possessing high heavy-metal resistance. Journal of Hazardous Materials, B134: 80-86.
Manriquez, R.A., Magana, P.I., Lopez, V. and R. Guzman (1997). Biosorption of Cu by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Bioprocess Engineering, 18: 113-118.
Pardo, R., Herguedas, M., Barrado, E. and M. Vega (2003). Biosorption of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc by inactive biomass of Pseudomonas putida. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 376: 26-32.
Paul, S., Bera, D., Chattopadhyay, P. and L. Ray (2006). Biosorption of Pb (II) by Bacillus cereus M1 16 immobilized in calcium alginate gel. Journal of Hazardous Substances Research, 5: 1-13.
Sag, Y. and T. Kutsal (1989). Application of adsorption isotherms to chromium adsorption on Z. ramigera. Biotechnology Letters, 11: 141-149.
Sag, Y. and T. Kutzal (1995). Biosorption of heavy metal by Zoogloea ramigera. The Chemical Engineering Journal, 60: 181-188.
Singh, S., Rai, B.N. and L.C. Rai (2001). Ni (II) and Cr (VI) sorption kinetics by Microcystis in single and multimetallic systems. Process Biochemistry, 36: 1205-1213.
Snell, F.D. and C.T. Snell (1959). Colorimetric Methods of Analysis. In: third ed., vol. 2. Van Nostrand Company, Toronto, Canada.
Srinath, T., Verma, T., Ramteke, P.W. and S.K. Garg (2002). Chromium (VI) biosorption and bioaccumulation by chromate resistant bacteria. Chemosphere, 48: 427-435.
Tewari, N., Vasudevan, P. and B.K. Guha (2005). Study on biosorption of Cr (VI) by Mucor hiemalis. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 23: 185-192.
Tsezos, M., Remoudaki, E. and V. Angelatou (1996). A study of the effects of competing ions on the biosorption of metals. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 38: 19-29.
Tunali, S., Kiran, I. and T. Akar (2005). Chromium (VI) biosorption characteristics of Neurospora crassa fungal biomass. Minerals Engineering, 18: 681-689.
Zhou, M., Liu, Y., Zeng, G., Li, X., Xu, W. and T. Fan (2007). Kinetic and equilibrium studies of Cr(VI) biosorption by dead Bacillus licheniformis biomass. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 23: 43-48.
Ziagova, M., Dimitriadis, G., Aslanidou, D., Papaioannou, X., Litopoulou Tzannetaki, E. and M. Liakopoulou-Kyriakides (2007). Comparative study of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) biosorption on Staphylococcus xylosus and Pseudomonas sp. in single and binary mixtures. Bioresource Technology, 98: 2859-2865.